Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Variable | Overall (N = 41,446) | Underweight (n = 1,248) | Normal (n = 13,880) | Overweight (n = 14,668) | Obese I (n = 7,507) | Obese II (n = 2,659) | Obese III (n = 1,484) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 66.6 ± 10.4 | 64.5 ± 10.8 | 66.7 ± 10.8 | 67.4 ± 10.2 | 66.4 ± 9.9 | 65.1 ± 9.8 | 62.3 ± 10.9 | <0.0001 |
| Gender | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Male | 19,479 (47.0) | 358 (28.7) | 5,818 (41.9) | 7,807 (53.2) | 3,783 (50.4) | 1,197 (45.0) | 516 (34.8) | |
| Female | 21,967 (53.0) | 890 (71.3) | 8,062 (58.1) | 6,861 (46.8) | 3,724 (49.6) | 1,462 (55.0) | 968 (65.2) | . |
| Race | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Caucasian | 36,121 (87.7) | 1,053 (84.9) | 11,870 (86.1) | 12,932 (88.7) | 6,649 (89.2) | 2,334 (88.2) | 1,283 (87.1) | |
| Black | 3,588 (8.7) | 141 (11.4) | 1,183 (8.6) | 1,172 (8.0) | 662 (8.9) | 267 (10.1) | 163 (11.1) | . |
| Hispanic | 2 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | . |
| Asian | 903 (2.2) | 34 (2.7) | 549 (4.0) | 265 (1.8) | 43 (0.6) | 7 (0.3) | 5 (0.3) | . |
| Native Am | 56 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 17 (0.1) | 17 (0.1) | 12 (0.2) | 7 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | . |
| Other | 283 (0.7) | 6 (0.5) | 97 (0.7) | 110 (0.8) | 43 (0.6) | 15 (0.6) | 12 (0.8) | . |
| Hawaiian/Pac | 41 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 13 (0.1) | 19 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | . |
| Mixed | 187 (0.5) | 3 (0.2) | 62 (0.4) | 61 (0.4) | 42 (0.6) | 11 (0.4) | 8 (0.5) | |
| ASA risk class | <0.0001 | |||||||
| I | 164 (0.4) | 6 (0.5) | 63 (0.5) | 65 (0.4) | 20 (0.3) | 5 (0.2) | 5 (0.3) | |
| II | 6,382 (15.4) | 159 (12.8) | 2,430 (17.5) | 2,332 (15.9) | 1,042 (13.9) | 289 (10.9) | 130 (8.8) | . |
| III | 30,842 (74.4) | 946 (75.9) | 10,113 (72.9) | 10,907 (74.4) | 5,693 (75.8) | 2,054 (77.3) | 1,129 (76.1) | . |
| IV | 4,032 (9.7) | 135 (10.8) | 1,264 (9.1) | 1,358 (9.3) | 745 (9.9) | 310 (11.7) | 220 (14.8) | . |
| V | 14 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) | 6 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | . |
| Performance status | <0.0001 | |||||||
| 0 | 16,896 (40.8) | 441 (35.3) | 5,715 (41.2) | 6,234 (42.5) | 2,973 (39.6) | 1,013 (38.1) | 520 (35.1) | |
| 1 | 22,738 (54.9) | 712 (57.1) | 7,561 (54.5) | 7,856 (53.6) | 4,230 (56.4) | 1,521 (57.2) | 858 (58.0) | . |
| 2 | 1,475 (3.6) | 70 (5.6) | 502 (3.6) | 481 (3.3) | 238 (3.2) | 101 (3.8) | 83 (5.6) | . |
| 3 | 265 (0.6) | 22 (1.8) | 79 (0.6) | 75 (0.5) | 51 (0.7) | 20 (0.8) | 18 (1.2) | . |
| 4 | 31 (0.1) | 3 (0.2) | 6 (0.0) | 10 (0.1) | 10 (0.1) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | . |
| 5 | 12 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.0) | 3 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | . |
| Coronary artery disease | 8,812 (21.4) | 164 (13.2) | 2,401 (17.5) | 3,439 (23.6) | 1,850 (24.8) | 671 (25.5) | 287 (19.4) | <0.0001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3,270 (8.0) | 105 (8.5) | 1,120 (8.2) | 1,207 (8.3) | 576 (7.7) | 184 (7.0) | 78 (5.3) | 0.0005 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1,163 (2.8) | 23 (1.9) | 289 (2.1) | 412 (2.8) | 254 (3.4) | 117 (4.4) | 68 (4.6) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 25,200 (61.1) | 550 (44.4) | 7,199 (52.2) | 9,175 (62.8) | 5,160 (69.0) | 1,994 (75.2) | 1,122 (75.7) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7,506 (18.3) | 81 (6.6) | 1,390 (10.1) | 2,570 (17.7) | 1,936 (26.0) | 931 (35.3) | 598 (40.4) | <0.0001 |
| Renal insufficiency history | 0.0040 | |||||||
| No renal insufficiency | 40,664 (98.3) | 1,221 (98.2) | 13,643 (98.5) | 14,378 (98.2) | 7,360 (98.2) | 2,599 (97.8) | 1,463 (98.6) | |
| Creatinine ≥ 2 | 490 (1.2) | 9 (0.7) | 131 (0.9) | 189 (1.3) | 106 (1.4) | 40 (1.5) | 15 (1.0) | . |
| Dialysis of any type | 230 (0.6) | 13 (1.0) | 82 (0.6) | 79 (0.5) | 32 (0.4) | 18 (0.7) | 6 (0.4) | . |
| COPD | 14,781 (36.0) | 639 (51.7) | 5,194 (37.8) | 4,963 (34.2) | 2,559 (34.4) | 936 (35.6) | 490 (33.2) | <0.0001 |
| DLCO % predicted | 73.2 ± 21.3 | 64.7 ± 21.6 | 71.5 ± 21.8 | 74.1 ± 21.1 | 74.5 ± 20.6 | 75.9 ± 20.2 | 75.4 ± 20.5 | <0.0001 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 81.5 ± 20.3 | 75.5 ± 21.1 | 81.8 ± 21.0 | 82.3 ± 20.4 | 81.4 ± 19.6 | 79.5 ± 18.6 | 78.8 ± 18.8 | <0.0001 |
| Approach | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Thoracotomy | 20,771 (50.1) | 657 (52.6) | 6,805 (49.0) | 7,240 (49.4) | 3,819 (50.9) | 1,389 (52.3) | 861 (58.1) | |
| Thoracoscopy | 20,659 (49.9) | 591 (47.4) | 7,071 (51.0) | 7,422 (50.6) | 3,686 (49.1) | 1,268 (47.7) | 621 (41.9) | . |
| Preoperative chemotherapy | 3,859 (9.4) | 108 (8.7) | 1,427 (10.4) | 1,397 (9.6) | 616 (8.3) | 203 (7.7) | 108 (7.3) | <0.0001 |
| Preoperative radiation therapy | 3,302 (8.0) | 95 (7.7) | 1,236 (9.0) | 1,167 (8.0) | 550 (7.4) | 161 (6.1) | 93 (6.3) | <0.0001 |
| Pathological stage | 0.0349 | |||||||
| Stage I A/B | 26,708 (67.6) | 775 (65.5) | 8,924 (67.4) | 9,429 (67.4) | 4,888 (68.1) | 1,717 (68.1) | 975 (70.0) | |
| Stage II A/B | 7,386 (18.7) | 247 (20.9) | 2,529 (19.1) | 2,594 (18.6) | 1,300 (18.1) | 481 (19.1) | 235 (16.9) | . |
| Stage III A/B | 5,071 (12.8) | 156 (13.2) | 1,655 (12.5) | 1,851 (13.2) | 932 (13.0) | 301 (11.9) | 176 (12.6) | . |
| Stage IV | 332 (0.8) | 6 (0.5) | 134 (1.0) | 107 (0.8) | 55 (0.8) | 24 (1.0) | 6 (0.4) | . |
| Smoking status | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Never smoker | 6,142 (14.8) | 113 (9.1) | 2,093 (15.1) | 2,084 (14.2) | 1,110 (14.8) | 443 (16.7) | 299 (20.2) | |
| Quit smoking >1 month | 25,250 (60.9) | 525 (42.1) | 7,582 (54.6) | 9,430 (64.3) | 5,005 (66.7) | 1,763 (66.3) | 945 (63.7) | . |
| Recent smoker | 10,046 (24.2) | 610 (48.9) | 4,203 (30.3) | 3,151 (21.5) | 1,390 (18.5) | 453 (17.0) | 239 (16.1) | . |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%).
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DLCO = diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; SD = standard deviation.