. 2016 Dec;5(6):898–908. doi: 10.21037/tau.2016.10.02

Table 4. Meta-analyses of retrospective cohort studies that investigated the effect of TTh on CVD events. Magnitude of associations are presented as beneficial (friendly)*, detrimental (a foe)^† or no effects at all (bystander)^‡.

Study author and year	Study design	Number of studies/trials	Number of participants (n)	TTh/placebo (n)	Cardiovascular events (n)	Results: only fully-adjusted multivariable models	SS or NS
No effects at all (bystander) ^‡	Neither beneficial nor detrimental
Corona et al., 2015 (38)	Randomized controlled trials	5	^anp	^anp	Acute myocardial infarction), (n=^‡NA)	OR =1.00; 95% CI, 0.79–1.25; P=0.97	NS

*, beneficial (friendly) effects is the magnitude of association such as odd ratios (OR’s), rate ratios (RR’s), or hazard ratios (HR’s) whether they are below or equal to 0.90; ^†, detrimental (foe) effects if the OR’s, RR’s or HR’s are greater or equal to 1.10; ^‡, no effects at all (bystander) if it is neither friendly nor foe; ^a, not provided data; TTh, testosterone therapy; CVD, cardiovascular disease; SS, statistically significant; NS, not statistically significant.

Table 4. Meta-analyses of retrospective cohort studies that investigated the effect of TTh on CVD events. Magnitude of associations are presented as beneficial (friendly)*, detrimental (a foe)† or no effects at all (bystander)‡.

Table 4. Meta-analyses of retrospective cohort studies that investigated the effect of TTh on CVD events. Magnitude of associations are presented as beneficial (friendly)*, detrimental (a foe)^† or no effects at all (bystander)^‡.