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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Sep 7;117(1):48–57. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.07.010

Table 1. Independent Variable Descriptions used to predict food security status in low income families from two urban Rhode Island communities.


Grocery shopping
 Major food shopping frequency (daily, weekly, monthly)
 Shopping frequency at different stores during past week
 Store types (n= 1-5): supermarket, convenience store, corner store/neighborhood market, specialty store, superstore/discount
 Strategies used during past 30 days (n = 0-8): includes using coupons, buying in bulk, taking advantages of sales, purchasing lower cost foods, buying fewer vegetables or fruits, purchasing less “junk” food, shopping at multiple stores, using a shopping list
Alternative Food Sources
 Federal Nutrition Assistance Program Participation over the past 30 days (Yes=1; No = 0)
  Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
  Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC)
  National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program (NLSBP)
 Community Food Program Participation over the past 30 days (Yes= 1; No = 0)
  Pantry Program
  Soup Kitchen
  Senior Meal Site
 Informal Sources of Food, frequency over past 30 days (Never = 1; Often = 4)
  Pooling resources to create a shared meal
  Borrowing food
  Exchanging/Trading foods
  Store credit to purchase food
 Total number of informal strategies used (0-4)
 Restaurant (Fast food and/or Full Service) visits during past week
Perceived ability to manage resources
 Strongly agree = 1; Strongly disagree = 5; Sum of Responses with Range: 4-20;
 Note: Higher scores indicate lower ability.
  Sticking to a budget
  Cooking balanced meals
  Managing household bills
  Making money last throughout the month.