TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of ARIC participants without a history of cardiovascular disease or diagnosed diabetes by different definitions of prediabetes*
| Normoglycemia | Prediabetes | Undiagnosed diabetes | Normoglycemia | Prediabetes | Undiagnosed diabetes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| ADA fasting glucose clinical categories | ADA HbA1c clinical categories | |||||
|
|
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| Visit 2 (1990–92) | < 5.6 mmol/L | 5.6–6.9 mmol/L | ≥ 7.0 mmol/L | < 39 mmol/mol | 39–46 mmol/mol | ≥ 48 mmol/mol |
| N = 10,844 | n = 6,215 | n = 4,112 | n = 517 | n = 8,355 | n = 2,027 | n = 462 |
| Age (years) | 56.8 (5.6) | 57.6 (5.7) | 57.7 (5.6) | 56.8 (5.6) | 58.2 (5.6) | 58.1 (5.6) |
| Female, % | 63.2 | 47.8 | 54.4 | 57.4 | 54.2 | 61.5 |
| Black, % | 17.3 | 25.1 | 37.3 | 15.0 | 40.4 | 49.8 |
| Less than high school education, % | 16.3 | 21.3 | 28.1 | 15.6 | 28.9 | 32.3 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 26.4 (4.8) | 28.9 (5.2) | 31.6 (6.1) | 27.0 (4.8) | 29.3 (5.8) | 32.3 (6.3) |
| Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2), % | 18.8 | 34.5 | 54.4 | 21.7 | 38.4 | 59.5 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.90 (0.1) | 0.94 (0.1) | 0.97 (0.1) | 0.91 (0.1) | 0.94 (0.1) | 0.97 (0.1) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.11 (0.3) | 5.98 (0.4) | 8.62 (2.5) | 5.39 (0.5) | 5.89 (0.7) | 8.29 (2.9) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 34.9 (4.2) | 37.6 (4.8) | 52.7 (17) | 34.3 (3.1) | 41.9 (1.9) | 57.6 (15.6) |
| Hypercholesterolemia, % | 74.0 | 81.7 | 87.6 | 75.8 | 82.8 | 87.9 |
| Hypertension, % | 24.5 | 37.8 | 54.6 | 26.9 | 42.4 | 53.9 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m 2) | 97.3 (13) | 96.9 (14) | 99.7 (15) | 96.8 (13) | 98.2 (15) | 101 (16) |
| Current smoker, % | 21.6 | 21.6 | 19.7 | 19.8 | 27.9 | 23.6 |
| Current drinker, % | 60.8 | 59.2 | 54.2 | 63.3 | 50.0 | 41.8 |
| Family history of diabetes, % | 20.3 | 24.6 | 33.7 | 21.3 | 25.2 | 34.0 |
|
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| ADA fasting glucose clinical categories | ADA/WHO 2-hour glucose clinical categories | |||||
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| Visit 4 (1996–98) | < 5.6 mmol/L | 5.6–6.9 mmol/L | ≥ 7.0 mmol/L | < 7.8 mmol/L | 7.8–11.0 mmol/L | ≥ 11.0 mmol/L |
| N = 7,194 | n = 4,720 | n = 2,142 | n = 332 | n = 4,442 | n = 2,009 | n = 743 |
|
| ||||||
| Age (years) | 62.7 (5.5) | 62.9 (5.5) | 63.1 (5.4) | 62.1 (5.4) | 63.6 (5.6) | 64.3 (5.5) |
| Female, % | 63.2 | 47.8 | 51.8 | 55.4 | 62.5 | 62.1 |
| Black, % | 14.5 | 21.2 | 25.6 | 17.1 | 15.4 | 20.5 |
| Less than high school education, % | 13.6 | 18.2 | 23.2 | 13.6 | 17.0 | 21.7 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 27.4 (5.0) | 30.1 (5.3) | 32.1 (6.0) | 27.7 (5.1) | 29.2 (5.3) | 30.5 (5.6) |
| Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2), % | 24.0 | 45.1 | 60.2 | 26.2 | 38.5 | 48.7 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.93 (0.1) | 0.97 (0.1) | 0.98 (0.1) | 0.93 (0.1) | 0.95 (0.1) | 0.97 (0.1) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.09 (0.3) | 6.00 (0.3) | 8.72 (2.5) | 5.26 (0.5) | 5.54 (0.6) | 7.06 (2.3) |
| 2-hour glucose (mmol/L) | 6.76 (2.0) | 8.23 (2.5) | 14.8 (4.3) | 5.84 (1.1) | 9.10 (0.9) | 13.7 (3.0) |
| Hypercholesterolemia, % | 73.6 | 82.5 | 87.7 | 73.4 | 81.0 | 86.7 |
| Hypertension, % | 36.1 | 47.8 | 60.5 | 34.3 | 47.9 | 59.5 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m 2) | 88.2 (12) | 88.3 (13) | 89.6 (12) | 88.1 (12) | 88.5 (13) | 88.7 (13) |
| Current smoker, % | 14.0 | 14.4 | 11.8 | 15.6 | 11.7 | 10.8 |
| Current drinker, % | 55.2 | 55.3 | 49.1 | 57.8 | 51.7 | 46.7 |
| Family history of diabetes, % | 19.8 | 26.3 | 33.1 | 19.2 | 26.2 | 30.8 |
*
Mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated
Abbreviations: ADA, American Diabetes Association; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; WHO, World Health Organization