Table 2.

Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals)^* of infant characteristics for any sedative, analgesic, or paralytic administration to premature infants receiving mechanical ventilation from 1997 to 2012

	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Male	1.06 (1.02, 1.10)
SGA	1.11 (1.05, 1.17)
GA (weeks)
≤ 25	REF
26–28	0.85 (0.81, 0.89)
29–≤32	0.82 (0.77, 0.88)
PNA (days)
≤ 2	REF
3–7	1.07 (0.96, 1.19)
8–28	1.07 (0.96, 1.19)
> 28	1.76 (1.47, 2.09)
Race/Ethnicity
White	REF
Black	0.99 (0.94, 1.04)
Hispanic	0.96 (0.90, 1.02)
Other	0.88 (0.81, 0.97)
Major congenital anomaly	1.31 (1.22, 1.40)
High frequency ventilation	2.58 (2.49, 2.67)
Inotropic support	1.74 (1.68, 1.81)

^*also adjusted for site and year of discharge