Table 1.
Analysis Showing Characteristics of Community-dwelling Persons 65 Years and Older at Baseline who Remained Stable, Experienced an Activity of Daily Living Stage Transition (Improvement or Deterioration), were Institutionalized, or Died within Two Years
| Total Column % N=23470 | Stable N (Weighted row %) 14979 (63.8) | Improved N (Weighted row %) 2508 (10.7) | Deteriorated N (Weighted row %) 3120 (13.3) | Institutionalized N (Weighted row %) 582 (2.5) | Died N (Weighted row %) 2281 (9.7) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Activity of Daily Living Stage
| ||||||
| 0 | 16259 (69.3) | 12954 (82.2) | a | 2180 (12.1) | 230 (1.1) | 895 (4.6) |
| I | 3745 (16.0) | 1260 (34.0) | 1247 (36.0) | 623 (15.7) | 126 (2.8) | 489 (11.5) |
| II | 1888 (8.0) | 470 (24.6) | 627 (36.0) | 255 (13.5) | 127 (5.8) | 409 (20.0) |
| III | 1326 (5.6) | 250 (19.3) | 569 (46.4) | 62 (4.5) | 85 (5.6) | 360 (24.2) |
| IV | 252 (1.1) | 45 (18.0) | 65 (29.8) | a | 14 (5.1) | 128 (47.1) |
|
Very satisfied with care coordination and quality | ||||||
| No | 16803 (73.2) | 10383 (65.5) | 1906 (11.0) | 2289 (12.7) | 460 (2.2) | 1765 (8.7) |
| Yes | 6151 (26.8) | 4211 (72.0) | 575 (8.9) | 785 (11.6) | 106 (1.2) | 474 (6.3) |
|
Very satisfied with access | ||||||
| No | 17014 (73.7) | 10460 (65.1) | 1956 (11.2) | 2342 (12.9) | 461 (2.1) | 1795 (8.7) |
| Yes | 6056 (26.3) | 4228 (73.5) | 530 (8.1) | 744 (10.9) | 109 (1.4) | 445 (6.1) |
|
Age | ||||||
| 65-74 | 10558 (45.0) | 7861 (75.8) | 1063 (9.7) | 1090 (9.9) | 67 (0.5) | 477 (4.1) |
| 75-84 | 9422 (40.1) | 5733 (61.7) | 1070 (11.1) | 1402 (14.6) | 252 (2.6) | 965 (9.9) |
| ≥85 | 3490 (14.9) | 1385 (40.0) | 375 (10.7) | 628 (18.0) | 263 (7.5) | 839 (23.8) |
|
Gender | ||||||
| Male | 10181 (43.4) | 6817 (70.6) | 925 (8.7) | 1171 (10.5) | 157 (1.2) | 1111 (9.0) |
| Female | 13289 (56.6) | 8162 (65.2) | 1583 (11.5) | 1949 (13.7) | 425 (2.5) | 1170 (7.2) |
|
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 19236 (82.0) | 12410 (68.4) | 1955 (9.7) | 2502 (11.9) | 513 (2.0) | 1856 (7.9) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1867 (8.0) | 1086 (61.3) | 244 (12.7) | 267 (13.8) | 42 (1.8) | 228 (10.4) |
| Hispanic | 1691 (7.2) | 1065 (65.6) | 233 (13.8) | 241 (13.4) | 18 (0.9) | 134 (6.4) |
| Other | 665 (2.8) | 411 (66.4) | 75 (10.9) | 108 (14.2) | a | 62 (7.2) |
|
Education | ||||||
| ≥High school diploma | 16581 (71.0) | 11251 (71.3) | 1619 (9.4) | 2058 (11.3) | 347 (1.6) | 1306 (6.4) |
| Below high school diploma | 6787 (29.0) | 3679 (57.4) | 883 (12.8) | 1050 (15.0) | 230 (2.7) | 945 (12.1) |
|
Annual income | ||||||
| ≤$25,000 | 12984 (55.3) | 7364 (59.8) | 1611 (12.3) | 1936 (14.3) | 443 (2.8) | 1630 (10.8) |
| >$25,000 | 10486 (44.7) | 7615 (75.8) | 897 (8.2) | 1184 (10.1) | 139 (1.0) | 651 (4.9) |
|
Supplemental insurance | ||||||
| Medicare and Medicaid-dual enrollee | 2879 (12.3) | 1354 (49.5) | 440 (15.7) | 500 (17.1) | 143 (4.2) | 442 (13.5) |
| Private-supplemental | 14294 (60.9) | 9575 (70.7) | 1403 (9.4) | 1808 (11.5) | 289 (1.5) | 1219 (6.9) |
| Others public supplemental | 404 (1.7) | 234 (59.6) | 44 (11.1) | 64 (15.5) | 13 (2.6) | 49 (11.3) |
| Medicare only | 5893 (25.1) | 3816 (68.5) | 621 (9.9) | 748 (11.9) | 137 (1.8) | 571 (8.0) |
|
Living arrangement | ||||||
| With spouse | 11732 (50.0) | 8200 (72.8) | 1156 (9.4) | 1402 (11.0) | 107 (0.7) | 867 (6.1) |
| With children | 2364 (10.1) | 1200 (54.1) | 298 (13.0) | 409 (16.6) | 71 (2.5) | 386 (13.7) |
| With others | 1112 (4.7) | 660 (62.9) | 132 (11.8) | 142 (12.2) | 36 (2.6) | 142 (10.5) |
| Alone | 6595 (28.1) | 4046 (65.2) | 719 (10.4) | 918 (12.8) | 242 (3.0) | 670 (8.6) |
| Retirement community | 1667 (7.1) | 873 (55.5) | 203 (12.0) | 249 (14.3) | 126 (6.5) | 216 (11.5) |
|
Home accessibility features | ||||||
| No | 13838 (59.0) | 9813 (73.8) | 1222 (8.5) | 1633 (10.8) | 197 (1.1) | 973 (5.8) |
| Yes | 9632 (41.0) | 5166 (57.1) | 1286 (13.2) | 1487 (14.7) | 385 (3.3) | 1308 (11.7) |
|
Beneficiary or proxy interview | ||||||
| Beneficiary | 21559 (91.9) | 14124 (68.9) | 2301 (10.2) | 2820 (12.1) | 477 (1.7) | 1837 (7.0) |
| Proxy | 1609 (6.9) | 656 (46.6) | 172 (10.9) | 265 (14.8) | 97 (5.2) | 419 (22.4) |
|
Comorbidities | ||||||
|
Alzheimer/dementia
| ||||||
| No | 22810 (97.2) | 14824 (68.5) | 2453 (10.3) | 3001 (12.1) | 484 (1.6) | 2048 (7.4) |
| Yes | 660 (2.8) | 155 (25.0) | 55 (8.5) | 119 (17.8) | 98 (15.0) | 233 (33.6) |
|
Angina pectoris/coronary artery disease | ||||||
| No | 21132 (90.0) | 13700 (68.6) | 2172 (9.9) | 2748 (11.9) | 536 (1.9) | 1976 (7.6) |
| Yes | 2338 (10.0) | 1279 (57.4) | 336 (14.2) | 372 (15.3) | 46 (1.6) | 305 (11.4) |
|
Complete/partial paralysis | ||||||
| No | 22842 (97.3) | 14697 (68.1) | 2396 (10.1) | 3026 (12.2) | 550 (1.9) | 2173 (7.8) |
| Yes | 628 (2.7) | 282 (47.5) | 112 (18.5) | 94 (14.8) | 32 (4.3) | 108 (14.9) |
|
Diabetes/high blood sugar | ||||||
| No | 18420 (78.5) | 12244 (70.3) | 1791 (9.2) | 2283 (11.3) | 442 (1.8) | 1660 (7.3) |
| Yes | 5050 (21.5) | 2735 (57.6) | 717 (14.1) | 837 (15.7) | 140 (2.3) | 621 (10.3) |
|
Emphysema/asthma/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | ||||||
| No | 20314 (86.6) | 13358 (69.5) | 2012 (9.5) | 2655 (12.0) | 520 (2.0) | 1769 (7.1) |
| Yes | 3156 (13.4) | 1621 (55.1) | 496 (15.6) | 465 (14.1) | 62 (1.6) | 512 (13.6) |
|
Hypertension | ||||||
| No | 9582 (40.8) | 6577 (72.8) | 787 (7.7) | 1099 (10.4) | 263 (2.0) | 856 (7.1) |
| Yes | 13888 (59.2) | 8402 (63.8) | 1721 (12.1) | 2021 (13.6) | 319 (1.8) | 1425 (8.6) |
|
Mental/psychiatric disorder | ||||||
| No | 22118 (94.2) | 14329 (68.5) | 2270 (9.9) | 2900 (12.0) | 510 (1.8) | 2109 (7.8) |
| Yes | 1352 (5.8) | 650 (51.3) | 238 (17.3) | 220 (16.0) | 72 (4.2) | 172 (11.2) |
|
Mental retardation | ||||||
| No | 23400 (99.7) | 14947 (67.6) | 2496 (10.2) | 3109 (12.3) | 572 (1.9) | 2276 (8.0) |
| Yes | 70 (0.3) | 32 (50.0) | 12 (17.9) | 11 (13.2) | a | a |
|
Myocardial infarction/heart attack | ||||||
| No | 20258 (86.3) | 13262 (69.2) | 2055 (9.8) | 2646 (12.0) | 501 (1.9) | 1794 (7.2) |
| Yes | 3212 (13.7) | 1717 (56.4) | 453 (13.9) | 474 (14.2) | 81 (2.1) | 487 (13.5) |
|
Other heart conditions | ||||||
| No | 20291 (86.5) | 13237 (68.9) | 2027 (9.6) | 2643 (12.0) | 509 (1.9) | 1875 (7.6) |
| Yes | 3179 (13.5) | 1742 (58.2) | 481 (15.0) | 477 (14.1) | 73 (1.9) | 406 (10.8) |
|
Parkinson's disease | ||||||
| No | 23176 (98.8) | 14876 (67.9) | 2471 (10.3) | 3064 (12.2) | 560 (1.9) | 2205 (7.8) |
| Yes | 294 (1.2) | 103 (35.6) | 37 (11.2) | 56 (21.9) | 22 (7.2) | 76 (24.0) |
|
Severe hearing impairment/deaf | ||||||
| No | 21699 (92.5) | 14180 (68.9) | 2227 (9.9) | 2822 (12.0) | 506 (1.8) | 1964 (7.5) |
| Yes | 1771 (7.5) | 799 (48.5) | 281 (16.2) | 298 (16.4) | 76 (3.5) | 317 (15.4) |
|
Severe vision impairment/no usable vision | ||||||
| No | 21701 (92.5) | 14267 (69.3) | 2196 (9.7) | 2799 (11.9) | 500 (1.8) | 1939 (7.4) |
| Yes | 1769 (7.5) | 712 (42.8) | 312 (18.2) | 321 (17.7) | 82 (4.1) | 342 (17.2) |
|
Stroke/brain hemorrhage | ||||||
| No | 20868 (88.9) | 13813 (69.7) | 2094 (9.7) | 2688 (11.8) | 470 (1.7) | 1803 (7.1) |
| Yes | 2602 (11.1) | 1166 (48.1) | 414 (15.7) | 432 (16.1) | 112 (3.7) | 478 (16.3) |
a
Cannot display since cell size is less than 11
Note: care coordination and quality was missing = 516; access barriers to medical care was missing = 400; race/ethnicity was missing = 11; education was missing = 102; Beneficiary or proxy interview was missing=302; Activity of Daily Living Stage was missing = 2;