Table 4. Multivariable Analyses of Health Outcomes and Mindfulness.

Dependent Variable (Score Range)	Independent Variable FFMQ	Beta Coefficient	95% Confidence Intervals	Standard error	P value
WOMAC Pain (0-500)	Total Score	-6.26	(-13.23, 0.70)	3.49	0.08
	Observing	-2.05	(-5.70, 1.60)	1.83	0.27
	Describing	-2.38	(-6.47, 1.72)	2.05	0.25
	Acting with Awareness	-1.51	(-5.39, 2.37)	1.94	0.44
	Non-judging	-1.06	(-4.88, 2.76)	1.91	0.58
	Non-reacting	-3.39	(-8.03, 1.24)	2.32	0.15
WOMAC Physical Function (0-1700)	Total Score	-15.54	(-41.82, 10.74)	13.16	0.24
	Observing	-1.25	(-14.94, 12.45)	6.86	0.86
	Describing	-1.33	(-16.72, 14.06)	7.71	0.86
	Acting with Awareness	-5.91	(-20.33, 8.51)	7.22	0.41
	Non-judging	-3.82	(-18.05, 10.40)	7.13	0.59
	Non-reacting	-15.64	(-32.73, 1.44)	8.56	0.07
6 Minute Walk (400-700)*#	Total Score	3.31	(-2.89, 9.50)	3.10	0.29
	Observing	-0.54	(-3.61, 2.53)	1.54	0.73
	Describing	2.43	(-1.04, 5.90)	1.74	0.17
	Acting with Awareness	1.69	(-1.60, 4.97)	1.64	0.31
	Non-judging	1.14	(-2.19, 4.48)	1.67	0.50
	Non-reacting	0.44	(-3.49, 4.37)	1.97	0.82
SF-36 Physical Component Summary (0-100)*	Total Score	0.69	(0.06, 1.31)	0.31	0.03
	Observing	0.06	(-0.27, 0.39)	0.17	0.72
	Describing	0.42	(0.06, 0.78)	0.18	0.02
	Acting with Awareness	0.28	(-0.07, 0.63)	0.17	0.11
	Non-judging	0.05	(-0.30, 0.40)	0.17	0.78
	Non-reacting	0.38	(-0.04, 0.79)	0.21	0.08
SF-36 Mental Component Summary (0-100)*	Total Score	1.31	(0.68, 1.95)	0.32	<0.001
	Observing	-0.22	(-0.58, 0.14)	0.18	0.23
	Describing	0.73	(0.36, 1.10)	0.19	<0.001
	Acting with Awareness	0.75	(0.41, 1.09)	0.17	<0.001
	Non-judging	0.67	(0.32, 1.01)	0.17	<0.001
	Non-reacting	0.17	(-0.30, 0.63)	0.23	0.48
Brief Depression Inventory (0-63)	Total Score	-1.15	(-1.77, -0.54)	0.31	<0.001
	Observing	0.00	(-0.34, 0.35)	0.17	0.98
	Describing	-0.53	(-0.91, -0.16)	0.19	0.006
	Acting with Awareness	-0.48	(-0.83, -0.13)	0.18	0.009
	Non-judging	-0.52	(-0.87, -0.18)	0.17	0.004
	Non-reacting	-0.37	(-0.81, 0.07)	0.22	0.10
Perceived Stress Scale (0-40)	Total Score	-1.07	(-1.53, -0.60)	0.23	<0.001
	Observing	0.20	(-0.07, 0.47)	0.14	0.14
	Describing	-0.68	(-0.94, -0.42)	0.13	<0.001
	Acting with Awareness	-0.62	(-0.87, -0.37)	0.12	<0.001
	Non-judging	-0.46	(-0.73, -0.20)	0.13	<0.001
	Non-reacting	-0.16	(-0.51, 0.19)	0.18	0.36
Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (0-10)*	Total Score	0.22	(0.07, 0.37)	0.08	0.005
	Observing	0.05	(-0.04, 0.13)	0.04	0.27
	Describing	0.11	(0.03, 0.20)	0.04	0.01
	Acting with Awareness	0.10	(0.01, 0.18)	0.04	0.03
	Non-judging	0.02	(-0.07, 0.11)	0.04	0.65
	Non-reacting	0.09	(-0.01, 0.19)	0.05	0.09

All models were adjusted for: age, sex, race, BMI, K/L grade, education, and physical activity.

^*Higher scores indicate improved health.

^#Normal range reported for the general population³⁶