TABLE 5.
Placebo |
Long-chain n–3 PUFA |
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Men (n = 11) |
Women (n = 9) |
Men (n = 13) |
Women (n = 12) |
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Baseline | 18 wk | Baseline | 18 wk | Baseline | 18 wk | Baseline | 18 wk | |
Glucose, mmol/L | 5.33 ± 0.489 | 5.14 ± 0.34 | 6.07 ± 1.44 | 6.21 ± 1.64 | 5.21 ± 0.48 | 5.32 ± 0.64 | 5.80 ± 1.12 | 5.49 ± 1.20 |
TGs, mmol/L | 0.86 ± 0.22 | 0.89 ± 0.32 | 1.29 ± 0.87 | 1.03 ± 0.32 | 1.00 ± 0.49 | 0.84 ± 0.34 | 0.88 ± 0.27 | 0.69 ± 0.16 |
Insulin, mU/mL | 6.11 ± 2.66 | 5.71 ± 2.52 | 6.96 ± 4.67 | 6.02 ± 3.18 | 7.44 ± 4.91 | 7.78 ± 5.12 | 5.33 ± 3.04 | 5.5 ± 3.83 |
IL-6, pg/mL | 1.34 ± 0.66 | 0.88 ± 0.24 | 1.77 ± 1.11 | 1.96 ± 1.02 | 1.32 ± 1.17 | 1.25 ± 0.75 | 1.63 ± 2.24 | 1.43 ± 1.96 |
TNF-α, pg/mL | 4.91 ± 2.46 | 4.62 ± 2.05 | 4.81 ± 2.13 | 4.67 ± 1.89 | 4.95 ± 1.99 | 4.60 ± 1.73 | 5.27 ± 2.35 | 5.15 ± 2.21 |
EPA, % total lipids | 1.44 ± 0.97 | 1.50 ± 1.33 | 1.47 ± 0.71 | 1.74 ± 0.50 | 1.47 ± 0.58 | 4.32 ± 1.64* | 1.35 ± 0.79 | 4.68 ± 2.40* |
DHA, % total lipids | 5.16 ± 1.18 | 5.26 ± 1.40 | 5.18 ± 0.81 | 5.82 ± 0.62 | 5.89 ± 0.77 | 6.40 ± 0.68* | 5.54 ± 1.95 | 6.52 ± 0.97* |
All values are means ± SDs, P < 0.05. The data at 18 wk were compared via an ANOVA for group, sex, and sex-by-group interaction effects with baseline values of the outcome measure as a covariate. *Significant group effect with the baseline-adjusted 18-wk value higher in the long-chain n–3 PUFA groups than in their respective placebo groups. TG, triglyceride.