FIGURE 4.

Random-effects model meta-analysis for changes in blood HDL-cholesterol concentrations from randomized controlled trials comparing ≥0.5 or <0.5 servings of total red meat/d. Heterogeneity: τ² = 0.011, χ² = 6.62, df = 38 (P = 0.001), I² = 85%. Data are shown in descending order from smallest to largest amounts of red meat consumed by the intervention group or phase. CARB, carbohydrate control diet; CHICK, chicken control diet; CON, habitual control diet; F, lean fish control diet; F1, first female group; F1 BEEF, first female group consuming beef diet; F1 PORK, first female group consuming pork diet; F2, second female group; F2 BEEF, second female group consuming beef diet; F2 PORK, second female group consuming pork diet; HC G1, first group consuming high-cholesterol diet; HC G2, second group consuming high-cholesterol diet; LC G1, first group consuming low-cholesterol diet; LC G2, second group consuming low-cholesterol diet; LVLP, lactovegetarian low-protein control diet; M1, first male group; M1 BEEF, first male group consuming beef diet; M1 PORK, first male group consuming pork diet; M2, second male group; M2 BEEF, second male group consuming beef diet; M2 PORK, second male group consuming pork diet; P, poultry control diet; SF, southern fish control diet; TF, tropical fish control diet; VEG, vegetarian control diet.