Table 1.

Lists of all economic impacts of vaccines.

Impacts	Individual item
(A) Health related benefits to vaccinated individuals
(1) Mortality	Health benefits achieved by reducing number of deaths.
(2) Morbidity	Health benefits achieved by reducing morbidity and improving quality of life.
(3) Healthcare expenditure	Reduction in medical expenditures for healthcare system.
(B) Short-term and long-term productivity gains
(4) School absenteeism	Reduction in amount of schooldays missed due to illness.
(5) Care-related productivity	Increased individual productivity due to reduction in lost working days.
(6) Outcome-related productivity	Increased individual lifetime productivity and participation due to improved health.
(C) Community or health systems externalities
(7) Impact on other diseases	Impact on incidence numbers of closely related diseases not vaccinated for.
(8) Community health externalities	Externalities among the unvaccinated community members.
(9) Outbreak prevention costs	Impact on disease outbreak investigations and prevention.
(10) Equity	Impact on equity issues in the society.
(11) Risk reduction	Impact on welfare of households due to reduced uncertainty in future outcomes and health expenditures.
(12) Economies of scale	Impact on per dose price of vaccine due to changes in demand.
(D) Broader economic indicators
(13) Behaviour-related productivity	Economic benefits for families as a result of improved child health and survival.
(14) Demographic dividend	Economic effects of changes in demographic composition of society.
(15) Employment in society	Impact on overall employment in society.
(16) Impact on consumption behaviour	Impact on the consumption of the general population.
(17) Impact on gross domestic product (GDP)	Impact on gross domestic product in general.
(18) Impact on tax revenue	Impact on tax revenues.