Table 4.
Demographics, blood chemistries and self-reported nutrient intake of CREG study participants separated into tertiles ranked by plasma adropin concentrations (values in bold text).
| Demographic; laboratory measurement | 1st tertile | 2nd tertile | 3rd tertile | Outliers (>2 SD) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Gender (F/M, n) | 14/5 | 13/7 | 18/1 | 3/1 | |
| D2M | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Prediabetes | 10 | 9 | 13 | 3 | |
| Age (years) | 55.9 ± 1.2 | 57.2 ± 1.3 | 57.6 ± 1.1 | 54.7 ± 0.8 | n.s. |
| Weight (kg) 1 | 81.3 ± 1.8 | 79.9 ± 1.8 | 73.8 ± 1.9* | 87.4 ± 4.0 | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) 1 | 27.7 ± 0.4 | 27.8 ± 0.4 | 27.4 ± 0.4 | 28.8 ± 0.8 | n.s. |
| Fat% | 42.5 ± 1.0 | 42.2 ± 0.9 | 41.5 ± 1.0 | 43.6 ± 2.1 | n.s. |
| SBP | 119.2 ± 2.4 | 115.7 ± 2.4 | 114.2 ± 2.5 | 119.4 ± 5.3 | n.s. |
| DBP | 75.0 ± 1.9 | 74.9 ± 1.9 | 75.8 ± 2.0 | 75.5 ± 4.1 | n.s. |
| Blood chemistries 2 | |||||
| Adropin (ng/ml) 3 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 7.6 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (μU/ml) | 9.1 ± 1.4 | 8.4 ± 1.4 | 6.5 ± 1.5 | 15.2 ± 2.8 | (0.063) |
| Glucose (mg/d) | 96.9 ± 1.5 | 95.0 ± 1.5 | 93.8 ± 1.6 | 101.6 ± 3.3 | n.s. |
| HOMA-IR | 2.25 ± 0.35 | 1.98 ± 0.36 | 1.51 ± 0.37 | 4.12 ± 0.7** | <0.05 |
| HbA1c | 5.64 ± 0.06 | 5.65 ± 0.06 | 5.68 ± 0.06 | 5.63 ± 0.12 | n.s. |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 135.2 ± 12.9 | 116.2 ± 13.1 | 83.3 ± 13.5*** | 92.5 ± 28.2 | (0.063) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 217.3 ± 9.7 | 195.7 ± 9.7 | 174.4 ± 10.1*** | 205.8 ± 21.0 | P<0.05 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 136.4 ± 6.6 | 118.4 ± 6.7 | 104.7 ± 6.9*** | 135.1 ± 14.4 | P<0.05 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 53.9 ± 3.3 | 54.7 ± 3.3 | 61.1 ± 3.4 | 51.9 ± 7.1 | n.s. |
| Nutrient intake 4 | |||||
| Total kcal | 2250 ± 118 | 1915 ± 117 | 2164 ± 128 | 2298 ± 263 | n.s. |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 269 ± 10 | 254 ± 10 | 218 ± 10* | 309 ± 22 | <0.001 |
| Fats (g) | 80 ± 4 | 81 ± 4 | 92 ± 4 | 67 ± 9 | =0.050 |
| Protein (g) | 81 ± 4 | 84 ± 4 | 85 ± 4 | 75 ± 8 | n.s. |
| Carbohydrates by class: | |||||
| Sugars (g) | 96 ± 7 | 87 ± 7 | 76 ± 7 | 103 ± 15 | n.s. |
| Other carbs. (g) | 114 ± 8 | 116 ± 9 | 98 ± 9 | 144 ± 18 | n.s. |
| Fiber (g) | 18 ± 1 | 19 ± 2 | 18 ± 2 | 31 ± 3# | <0.01 |
| Fats by class: | |||||
| Saturated (g) | 26 ± 2 | 27 ± 2 | 30 ± 2 | 18 ± 4## | (0.057) |
| Unsaturated (g) | 52 ± 3 | 52 ± 3 | 60 ± 3 | 47± 6 | n.s. |
Sex included as a covariate in the analysis to adjust for differences in proportion of males and females in each group;
Sex and glucose tolerance status included as covariates in the analysis;
The differences in plasma adropin concentrations between all groups were highly significant (P<0.001);
For total caloric intake, body weight, sex, and glucose tolerance status were used as covariates; For macronutrients total caloric intake, sex and glucose tolerance status were included as covariates;
P<0.05 vs. 1st tertile and outliers;
P<0.05 vs. 3rd tertile;
P<0.05 vs. 1st tertile;
P<0.05 vs. all other tertiles;
P<0.05 vs. 3rd tertile