Generation of SC-β cells from hESC. (a) Overview schematic of differentiation process to generate SC-β cells [7, 8]. (b) Histological section of SC-β cell clusters stained for C-peptide (green) and PDX1 (red) and with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue). (c) Histological section of SC-β cell clusters stained for C-peptide (green) and NKX6-1 (red) and with DAPI (blue). (d) Flow cytometry dot plot of dispersed and fixed cells stained for C-peptide and NKX6-1. Scale bar=50 μm. Act A, activin A; Alk5i, Alk5 receptor inhibitor II; CHIR, CHIR9901; KGF, keratinocyte growth factor; LDN, LDN193189; PdbU, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate; RA, retinoic acid; T3, triiodothyronine; Y, Y27632; AU, arbitrary units.