Table 2.

Association Between Select Factors and Type of Ventilation For the Entire Study Period, NIS 2002–2013

Factor	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
	Invasive Mechanical Ventilation on Day 1		Non-Invasive Ventilation on Day 1
	Unadjusted	Adjusted*	Unadjusted	Adjusted*
Age (every 10yrs >18)	1.18 (1.17–1.20)	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	1.56 (1.49–1.62)	1.40 (1.33–1.47)
Women	1.29 (1.25–1.34)	1.08 (1.04–1.12)	1.95 (1.75–2.17)	1.23 (1.11–1.37)
White	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Black	1.26 (1.17–1.35)	1.32 (1.22–1.43)	0.90 (0.72–1.12)	0.94 (0.75–1.17)
Hispanic	1.41 (1.31–1.52)	1.36 (1.25–1.48)	1.16 (0.95–1.42)	1.29 (1.05–1.58)
Asian/Pacific Islander	1.84 (1.65–2.07)	1.50 (1.32–1.71)	1.36 (0.97–1.92)	1.43 (1.01–2.01)
Native American	0.90 (0.65–1.23)	0.86 (0.59–1.25)	0.48 (0.13–1.76)	0.52 (0.14–1.9)
Charlson comorbidity index
1	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
2	1.94 (1.86–2.03)	1.52 (1.45–1.60)	4.13 (3.42–4.97)	3.01 (2.48–3.65)
≥3	3.22 (3.08–3.37)	2.17 (2.05–2.29)	12.77 (10.70–15.25)	7.27 (5.97–8.85)
Chronic pulmonary disease	1.54 (1.47–1.61)	1.11 (1.05–1.17)	3.10 (2.79–3.46)	1.42 (1.26–1.60)
Smoker	0.56 (0.54–0.59)	0.74 (0.70–0.78)	0.67 (0.59–0.76)	1.07 (0.94–1.22)
Obesity	0.97 (0.91–1.03)	1.04 (0.97–1.11)	1.73 (1.49–2.01)	2.10 (1.81–2.44)
Weekend versus weekday	1.10 (0.06–1.14)	1.11 (1.07–1.16)	0.98 (0.87–1.10)	1.01 (0.90–1.13)
Teaching versus non-teaching	0.97 (0.89–1.05)	0.94 (0.87–1.03)	0.99 (0.85–1.16)	1.10 (0.94–1.29)
In-hospital arrest	31.4 (29.6–33.3)	20.4 (18.9–22.0)	1.0 (0.67–1.49)	0.64 (0.43–0.96)
Cardiogenic Shock	13.3 (12.7–13.9)	9.2 (8.8–9.7)	2.66 (2.32–3.04)	1.96 (1.70–2.26)

^*Adjusted for age, gender, race, Charlson comorbidity index, chronic pulmonary disease, smoking, obesity, weekend vs. weekday admission, in-hospital cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, and teaching status of hospital.

Abbreviations: NIS, national inpatient sample