Table 4.

Hierarchical regression predicting unmerited co-authorship.

Predictor measures	Adding a colleague as co-author				Being added by a colleague as a co-author
	Step 1		Step 2		Step 1		Step 2
ΔR2	0.058		0.133		0.102		0.116
	B	95%CI	B	95%CI	B	95%CI	B	95%CI
Gender	0.31	[−0.29, 0.91]	0.34	[−0.24, 0.92]	0.39	[−0.37, 1.15]	0.41	[−0.35, 1.17]
Age	0.05	[−0.11, 0.23]	0.05	[−0.09, 0.19]	−0.24	[−0.44, −0.04]	−0.25	[−0.45, −0.05]
Pub. Exper.	−0.43	[−1.07, 0.21]	−0.41	[−1.03, 0.21]	−0.60	[−1.40, 0.20]	−0.59	[−1.39, 0.21]
Individualism			−0.52	[−0.90, −0.14]			−0.30	[−0.80, 0.20]

Pub. Exper., publish experience n = 93, ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01.