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. 2016 Dec 27;4:149. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00149

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Copyright © 2016 Matsubara, Nakano, Kawamura, Tsudzuki, Funahashi, Agata, Matsuda, Kuroiwa and Suzuki.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Anterior-posterior polarity is disrupted in the hmm^−/− limb bud. (A) Morphology of the limb at St. 34 as scanned by OPT. Dorsal view and lateral view of the hmm^+/− (green) and hmm^−/− (yellow) hindlimb buds are shown. The scale bar indicates 1 mm. (B) The skeletal pattern of the limb at St. 36. All images are oriented with the anterior side up and the posterior side down. Red arrowheads indicate immature metatarsal-phalangeal joints. The scale bar indicates 1 mm. A, anterior; P, posterior; D, dorsal; V, ventral; DR, digital ray; FL, forelimb; HL, hindlimb; d1-d4, digit 1-digit 4; h, humerus; r, radius; u, ulna; fe, femur; ti, tibia; fi, fibula.