Group data (means ± SE, n = 12) for triceps brachii MEP amplitudes (A), and pre-stimulus EMG prior to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS; C). Group data (means ± SE, n = 8) for CMEP amplitudes based on position (B) and % PPO (D), as well as pre-stimulus of the triceps brachii prior to TMES (E). MEP and CMEP amplitudes are expressed relative to the Mmax taken during cycling at the same cadence and workload. * Significant difference (p < 0.05). Abbreviations are: MEP, motor evoked potential; EMG, electromyography; PPO, peak power output; TMES, transmastoid electrical stimulation; CMEP, cervicomedullary motor evoked potential.