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. 2016 Dec 21;7:13916. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13916

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Thermal inactivation was carried out either by incubation of virus at 4 °C (a,c,d) or 37 °C (b). The viruses in c labelled 79, 191, 357, 371, 557 and 357/371 represent A2-line19F containing substitutions at these indicated positions with A2 residues. The virus in c labelled DB1-357/371 represents DB1 with substitutions of line 19F residues at positions 357 and 371. Viruses were harvested at the indicated time points and titrated by FFU or PFU assays. All graphs represent the means+s.d.'s of at least two experimental replicates combined, and data were analysed by two-way ANOVA (*P<0.05; **P<0.005; ***P<0.0005; ****P<0.00005).