Fig. 2.

Forest collapse in the environment dynamics model. A–D show (A) a bifurcation diagram of forest cover $F$ vs. harvesting efficiency $h$, (B) time series of $h$ increasing gradually and exceeding bifurcation point $h_{crit}\approx 0.018$, (C) the resulting collapse of forest as the bifurcation point is exceeded, and (D) the increase in residual SD as the bifurcation point is approached. Other parameters are $r=0.06$/y, $s=0.1$. Methodology is shown in SI Appendix.