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Chemical structures of insecticides used in this study. According to the IRAC classification system (www.irac-online.org/modes-of-action/), Etoxazole belongs to group 10B (mite growth inhibitors), BPUs (Diflubenzuron, Lufenuron, Triflumuron) belong to group 15 (inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0), whereas Buprofezin belongs to group 16 (inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1). Cyromazine belongs to group 17 (moulting disruptor, dipteran).
