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Explanation of the causes and trends of size effect and documentation of its experimental support and engineering application. (a and b) Size-effect sources in notched and unnotched beam. (c) Stress-separation curve. (d–i) Size-effect laws. (j–q) Type 1 and 2 size-effect laws compared with tests of various materials (referenced in refs. 9, 12, and 13). (r) Universal size-effect law. (s and t) Example of Malpasset Dam and its size effect.
