Table S1.

Estimated parameters by city

Parameter	Definition	Mumbai*	Kolkata*	Belagavi*
b	Maximal rat birth rate (log10)	−1.536 (–1.541 to –1.532)	−1.315 (–1.325 to –1.306)	−1.449 (–1.459 to –1.438)
ι	Fecundity reduction for a fully resistant rat (reference fully susceptible)†	23.5% (23.4–23.6%)
α	Mean to peak amplitude of seasonal variation in flea mortality	9.2% (9.1–9.3%)	17.3% (17.1–17.5%)	15.3% (15.0–15.6%)
ω	Calendar day of longest flea lifespan	January 15 (January 15 to January 15)	February 7 (February 7 to February 7)	August 4 (August 4 to August 4)
h	Flea searching efficiency (log10)	−9.748 (–9.787 to –9.700)	−9.620 (–9.701 to –9.559)	−7.25 (–7.335 to –7.166)
β	Flea–rat contact rate	0.286 (0.285–0.288)	0.234 (0.233–0.236)	0.282 (0.278–0.286)

^*Values are presented as medians of the posterior distributions. Parentheses surround 95% prediction intervals.

^†A single cost is estimated for all three cities. Sensitivity analyses refitted parameter sets considering differing heritability of the parental susceptibility phenotype (Table S5).