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. 2016 Dec 1;17(12):2016. doi: 10.3390/ijms17122016

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© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cartoon indicating alterations in extraocular motoneurons after axotomy: (A) time course of changes in the expression of Trk receptor mRNA, ChAT and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) in extraocular motoneurons after axotomy; d, days; (B-1) the connected neuron shows a normal phenotype in afferent synaptic activity and firing rate; (B-2) the axotomized neuron has reduced levels of firing rate and afferent synaptic activity; and (B-3) the neuron switches from a transmitter to a regenerative phenotype where the autocrine/paracrine and anterograde trophic support gain relative importance with respect to the retrograde trophic support. Appropriate levels of retrograde trophic factors delivered from different sources would restore the values of altered molecules. Modified from [85].