Table 2.
Comparison of genotype frequencies and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) values of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms between the osteoporosis and control subjects.
| Genotypes | Controls (n = 197) | Osteoporosis (n = 158) | AOR (95% CI) * | p | Non-OVCF (n = 71) | AOR (95% CI) * | p | OVCF (n = 87) | AOR (95% CI) * | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAI-1 −844 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| GG | 70 (35.5) | 40 (25.3) | 1.000 (reference) | - | 22 (31.0) | 1.000 (reference) | - | 18 (20.7) | 1.000 (reference) | - |
| GA | 91 (46.2) | 89 (56.3) | 1.584 (0.951–2.640) | 0.077 | 33 (46.5) | 1.168 (0.604–2.256) | 0.645 | 56 (64.4) | 2.244 (1.164–4.326) | 0.016 |
| AA | 36 (18.3) | 29 (18.4) | 1.263 (0.647–2.467) | 0.494 | 16 (22.5) | 1.460 (0.641–3.327) | 0.368 | 13 (14.9) | 1.052 (0.415–2.664) | 0.915 |
| Dominant (GG vs. GA + AA) | - | - | 1.496 (0.919–2.435) | 0.105 | - | 1.252 (0.677–2.318) | 0.474 | - | 1.918 (1.016–3.621) | 0.044 |
| Recessive (GG + GA vs. AA) | - | - | 0.949 (0.528–1.705) | 0.860 | - | 1.342 (0.657–2.740) | 0.420 | - | 0.620 (0.278–1.385) | 0.244 |
| HWE-P | 0.502 | 0.097 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| PAI-1 −675 4G5G | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 4G4G | 113 (57.4) | 69 (43.7) | 1.000 (reference) | 33 (46.5) | 1.000 (reference) | - | 36 (41.4) | 1.000 (reference) | - | |
| 4G5G | 75 (38.1) | 70 (44.3) | 1.550 (0.967–2.485) | 0.069 | 32 (45.1) | 1.316 (0.716–2.419) | 0.376 | 38 (43.7) | 1.653 (0.921–2.968) | 0.092 |
| 5G5G | 9 (4.6) | 19 (12.0) | 3.032 (1.224–7.512) | 0.017 | 6 (8.5) | 1.769 (0.552–5.665) | 0.337 | 13 (14.9) | 4.646 (1.625–13.29) | 0.004 |
| Dominant (4G4G vs. 4G5G + 5G5G) | - | - | 1.727 (1.102–2.706) | 0.017 | - | 1.366 (0.764–2.441) | 0.293 | - | 1.969 (1.130–3.430) | 0.017 |
| Recessive (4G4G + 4G5G vs. 5G5G) | - | - | 2.510 (1.056–5.968) | 0.037 | - | 1.584 (0.516–4.864) | 0.422 | - | 3.378 (1.301–8.769) | 0.012 |
| HWE-P | 0.435 | 0.847 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| PAI-1 +43 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| GG | 180 (91.4) | 132 (83.5) | 1.000 (reference) | - | 61 (85.9) | 1.000 (reference) | - | 71 (81.6) | 1.000 (reference) | - |
| GA | 16 (8.1) | 24 (15.2) | 2.006 (0.963–4.175) | 0.063 | 8 (11.3) | 1.598 (0.596–4.284) | 0.352 | 16 (18.4) | 2.421 (1.057–5.546) | 0.037 |
| AA | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.3) | 3.188 (0.270–37.664) | 0.358 | 2 (2.8) | 7.504 (0.561–100.480) | 0.128 | 0 (0.0) | N/A | 0.998 |
| Dominant (GG vs. GA + AA) | - | - | 2.087 (1.027–4.241) | 0.042 | - | 1.941 (0.775–4.860) | 0.157 | - | 2.292 (1.009–5.206) | 0.048 |
| Recessive (GG + GA vs. AA) | - | - | 2.972 (0.251–35.212) | 0.388 | - | 7.202 (0.531–97.693) | 0.138 | - | N/A | 0.998 |
| HWE-P | 0.336 | 0.454 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| PAI-1 +9785 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| GG | 182 (92.4) | 148 (93.7) | 1.000 (reference) | - | 68 (95.8) | 1.000 (reference) | - | 80 (92.0) | 1.000 (reference) | - |
| GA | 14 (7.1) | 10 (6.3) | 1.072 (0.437–2.633) | 0.879 | 3 (4.2) | 0.946 (0.252–3.549) | 0.934 | 7 (8.0) | 1.324 (0.477–3.669) | 0.590 |
| AA | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | 0.995 | 0 (0.0) | N/A | 0.998 | 0 (0.0) | N/A | 0.998 |
| Dominant (GG vs. GA + AA) | - | - | 1.005 (0.414–2.440) | 0.991 | - | 0.898 (0.241–3.344) | 0.872 | - | 1.227 (0.447–3.365) | 0.691 |
| Recessive (GG + GA vs. AA) | - | - | N/A | 0.995 | - | N/A | 0.998 | - | N/A | 0.998 |
| HWE-P | 0.217 | 0.681 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| PAI-1 +11053 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| TT | 54 (27.4) | 33 (20.9) | 1.000 (reference) | 15 (21.1) | 1.000 (reference) | - | 18 (20.7) | 1.000 (reference) | - | |
| TG | 101 (51.3) | 85 (53.8) | 1.347 (0.768–2.362) | 0.298 | 36 (50.7) | 1.036 (0.493–2.176) | 0.926 | 49 (56.3) | 1.647 (0.814–3.334) | 0.166 |
| GG | 42 (21.3) | 40 (25.3) | 1.655 (0.858–3.190) | 0.133 | 20 (28.2) | 1.920 (0.825–4.470) | 0.130 | 20 (23.0) | 1.521 (0.664–3.483) | 0.322 |
| Dominant (TT vs. TG + GG) | - | - | 1.429 (0.842–2.428) | 0.186 | - | 1.253 (0.632–2.483) | 0.518 | - | 1.593 (0.814–3.116) | 0.174 |
| Recessive (TT + TG vs. GG) | - | - | 1.285 (0.762–2.165) | 0.347 | - | 1.499 (0.773–2.907) | 0.231 | - | 1.108 (0.581–2.114) | 0.755 |
| HWE-P | 0.682 | 0.326 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
* The adjusted odds ratio on the basis of risk factors, such as age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. HWE-P: Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium p-value. N/A, not applicable.