Table 1.

Composition of procyanidins and their therapeutic effects or potential effects.

Known Procyanidins	Therapeutic Effects or Potential Effects
A-Type Dimers
Procyanidin A1	immune modulation [33,34], cholesterol modulation [35], anti-oxidative effects [20]
Procyanidin A2	anti-inflammation [36], anti-diabetic effect [37]
B-Type Dimers (of interest in pine bark)
Procyanidin B1	anti-inflammation [38], anti-hepatitis-C [39], anti-cancer [40], anti-oxidative effects [19]
Procyanidin B2	anti-diabetic effects [41,42], anti-inflammation [43], anti-cancer [44], anti-oxidative effects [19]
Procyanidin B3	arthritis modulation [32], anti-cancer [22], anti-inflammation [45], anti-oxidative effects [20]
Procyanidin B4	anti-oxidative effects [46]
Procyanidin B5	anti-cancer [28]
Procyanidin B6
Procyanidin B7
Procyanidin B8
Trimeric B-type
Procyanidin C1	immune modulation [47,48], cardiovascular-protective effects [49], anti-inflammation [50], anti-cancer [51]
Procyanidin C2