| AGE | advanced glycation end-products |
| APC | activated protein C |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FGF | fibroblast growth factor |
| IL | interleukin |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| NF | nuclear factor |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| PDGF | platelet-derived growth factor |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| TGF | transforming growth factor |
| TIMP | tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase |
| TNF | tumour necrosis factor |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |