Table 2.
Summary of the published literature on the relationship between personal use of hair dyes and risk of breast cancer
| Authors (Ref) | Year of the report |
Study Design | Country | Study Population |
Disease Outcome |
Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort Studies | ||||||
| Henneckens et al.(16) | 1979 | Retrospective cohort, 4 yrs of follow-up, 1972– 76 |
USA | Cohort: 120,557; cases 270 |
Incidence | Permanent hair dyes RR=1.1; RR=1.5 for those used for more than 20 years |
| Green et al. (35) | 1987 | Prospective cohort, 6 yrs of follow-up, 1976–82 |
USA | Cohort: 118,404; cases 353 |
Mortality | Permanent hair dyes RR=1.1, no trend with frequency & duration |
| Thun et al. (20); Altekruse et al. (19) | 1994; 1999 | Prospective cohort, 7 yrs of follow-up, 1982–89; 12 yrs of follow-up, 1994 |
USA | Cohort: 537,369; cases: 2676 |
Mortality | Permanent hair dyes RR=0.9–1.0, no trend with duration |
| Mendelsohn et al. (18) | 2009 | Prospective cohort, 5–9 yrs of follow-up 1996– 2005 |
China | Cohort: 75,221; cases: 592 |
Incidence | All hair dyes RR=0.9, no trend with duration |
| Case-Control Studies | ||||||
| Kinlen et al. (24) | 1977 | Hospital-based, 1975–76 | UK | Cases: 191; controls 561 |
Incidence | Permanent hair dyes OR=0.1, no trend with duration |
| Shore et al. (25) | 1979 | Hospital-based, 1964–76 | USA | Cases: 129; controls 193 |
Incidence | All hair dyes OR=1.0, permanent hair dyes significant association with cumulative exposure |
| Stavraky et al. (26, 7) | 1979; 1981 | Hospital- based/population-based, 1976–79 |
UK, Canada | Cases: 85; controls 170 |
Incidence | Permanent hair dyes OR=1.1–1.3 |
| Nasca et al. (28) | 1980 | Population-based, 1975– 76 |
USA | Cases: 118; controls 233 |
Incidence | Permanent or semi- permanent hair dyes OR=1.1, no trend with frequency or latency; OR=3.1* for use hair dyes to change hair color |
| Wynder & Goodman (29) | 1983 | Hospital-based, 1979–81 | USA | Cases: 401, controls 625 |
Incidence | All hair dyes OR=1.0, no dose response |
| Koenig et al. (30) | 1991 | Hospital-based, 1977–81 | USA | Cases: 398, controls 790 |
Incidence | All hair dyes OR=0.8, no trend with frequency or duration |
| Nasca et al. (27) | 1992 | Population-based, 1982– 84 |
USA | Cases: 1617; controls 1617 |
Incidence | All hair dyes OR=1.0, no trend with duration or age at first use, and total applications |
| Boice et al. (31) | 1995 | Population-based, 1987– 96 |
USA | Cases: 528, controls 2628 |
Prevalence | All hair dyes OR=1.1 |
| Cook et al. (32) | 1999 | Population-based, 1983– 90 |
USA | Cases: 844; controls 960 |
Incidence | OR=1.1 for exclusive use of any one hair dye products, OR=1.9* for us of two or more of the following methods: rinses, semi- permanent or permanent dyes, as well as bleaching then dyeing or frosting their hair |
| Zheng et al. (33) | 2002 | Hospital/population- based, 1994–97 |
USA | Cases: 608; controls 609 |
Incidence | All hair dyes OR=0.8, no trend with frequency or duration |
| Petro-Nustas et al. (34) | 2002 | Population-based, 1996 | Jordan | Cases: 100; controls 100 |
Incidence | All hair dyes OR=8.6* |
*
95% confidence interval excludes null value