Table 3.

Regression analysis models (energy intake and macronutrient and alcohol intake as a percentage of daily energy intake). Factors include in final models were identified using purposeful selection [37], and are presented in model entry order (BMI, sex (ref = male), age, marital status, dependents, education, industry (ref = oil and gas), shift work history, hours worked per week, chronic fatigue score, shift schedule (ref = morning shift), and sleep duration).

Independent Variable	Parameter Estimate	SE	p	95% LLCI	95% ULCI	ΔR2
Energy Intake (kJ)
Sleep duration	−185.80	256.26	0.47	−693.93	322.32	0.01
Female (ref = male)	−2164.12	611.96	<0.01	−3377.54	−756.12	0.07
Age (years)	−69.94	28.04	0.01	−125.55	−14.33	0.04
Hours worked (h)	−60.03	23.78	0.01	−107.19	−12.86	0.05
Carbohydrate Intake (%)
Chronic fatigue	−0.19	0.08	0.02	−0.37	−0.02	0.04
Shift schedule
Night (ref = morning)	−1.21	1.89	0.52	−4.97	2.55
8-h R	−8.33	1.74	0.63	−4.28	2.61
12-h R	−5.26	1.88	<0.01	−9.00	−1.15	0.03
Sleep duration	−1.59	0.64	0.01	−2.86	0.32	0.05
Protein Intake (%)
Female (ref = male)	1.33	1.16	0.04	0.02	2.63	0.03
Fat Intake (%)
Female(ref = male)	1.94	1.66	0.10	−0.37	4.26	0.01
Shift schedule
Night (ref = morning)	1.48	1.41	0.29	−1.32	4.29
8-h R	−0.90	1.38	0.51	−3.65	1.85
12-h R	1.86	1.39	0.18	−0.91	4.64	0.03
BMI (kg/m2)	0.28	0.10	0.01	0.07	0.49	0.11
Chronic fatigue (10–50)	0.15	0.06	0.01	0.03	0.28	0.06
Sleep Duration (h)	1.04	0.47	0.03	0.10	1.99	0.01
Saturated Fat Intake (%)
Age	−0.05	0.02	0.05	−0.10	0.00	<0.01
Married (ref = not married)	1.19	0.74	0.11	−0.27	2.67	<0.01
Industry
Postal (ref = oil and gas)	−3.48	2.64	0.19	−8.75	1.77
Printing	−3.10	2.61	0.23	−8.29	2.09
Nursing	−1.13	2.50	0.65	−6.11	3.85	0.01
Hours worked (h)	0.03	0.02	0.16	−0.01	0.08	<0.01
Chronic Fatigue	0.05	0.03	0.14	−0.01	0.11	0.04
BMI (kg/m2)	0.15	0.05	<0.01	0.03	0.26	0.10
Night (ref = morning)	2.76	0.76	<0.01	1.12	4.27
8-h R	−0.95	0.99	0.34	−2.93	1.03
12-h R	−2.28	2.69	0.39	−7.63	3.06	0.11
Sleep duration (h)	0.54	0.25	0.04	0.02	1.05	0.05
Alcohol (%)
Married (ref = not married)	2.44	1.98	0.22	−1.49	6.37	<0.01
Shift work history (years)	−0.03	0.07	0.64	−0.18	−0.11	0.02
Female (ref = male)	−4.38	1.92	0.02	−8.20	−0.56	0.06
Industry
Postal (ref = oil and gas)	−4.33	1.92	0.02	−8.14	0.51
Printing	−1.45	2.49	0.56	−6.41	3.50
Nursing	−2.11	2.37	0.37	−6.83	2.59	0.02
Hours worked (h)	−0.18	0.07	0.01	0.33	−0.04	0.06

ref = reference category; R = rotating; SE = standard error; LLCI = lower limit confidence interval; ULCI = upper limit confidence interval; ΔR² = R² change; kJ = kilojoules; % = percent of total daily energy intake; kg = kilograms; m² = meters squared.