Table 2.
Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs for the association of fiber with colorectal cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative (n = 134,017) 1993–2010.
| Quintiles of Dietary Intake | No. Cases | Person-Years | Multivariate Adjusted HR (95% CI) 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total fiber (g/day) | |||
| <10.3 | 420 | 302,828 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 10.3–13.6 | 426 | 312,546 | 1.00 (0.87, 1.15) |
| 13.6–17.0 | 354 | 316,244 | 0.83 (0.71, 0.97) |
| 17.0–21.5 | 372 | 318,893 | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) |
| >21.5 | 380 | 318,844 | 0.90 (0.73, 1.10) |
| p-trend | 0.09 | ||
| Soluble fiber (g/day) | |||
| <2.8 | 408 | 304,051 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 2.8–3.7 | 409 | 312,599 | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) |
| 3.7–4.6 | 361 | 316,928 | 0.85 (0.73, 1.00) |
| 4.6–5.8 | 410 | 318,628 | 0.96 (0.81, 1.13) |
| >5.8 | 364 | 317,148 | 0.84 (0.69, 1.03) |
| p-trend | 0.14 | ||
| Insoluble fiber (g/day) | |||
| <7.4 | 433 | 302,242 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 7.4–9.8 | 413 | 312,804 | 0.93 (0.81, 1.07) |
| 9.8–12.3 | 357 | 316,721 | 0.81 (0.69, 0.94) |
| 12.3–15.7 | 370 | 318,704 | 0.84 (0.72, 1.00) |
| >15.7 | 379 | 318,884 | 0.87 (0.72, 1.06) |
| p-trend | 0.08 | ||
| Pectin (g/day) | |||
| <1.4 | 399 | 303,832 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 1.4–2.0 | 397 | 313,746 | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) |
| 2.0–2.6 | 379 | 316,302 | 0.92 (0.79, 1.06) |
| 2.6–3.5 | 396 | 318,847 | 0.97 (0.83, 1.13) |
| >3.5 | 381 | 316,626 | 0.94 (0.80, 1.11) |
| p-trend | 0.56 | ||
1 The following variables were included in both the multivariate and continuous models: total energy intake (continuous), age (continuous), body mass index (continuous), education (high school, technical school or some college, college graduate or post-graduate), family history of colorectal cancer (yes/no), history of colonoscopy (yes/no), current NSAID use (yes/no), alcohol intake (continuous), smoking history (never, former, current), physical activity (total metabolic equivalent-hours, continuous), ever use of hormone therapy (never, current/former), folate (DFE; µg/day, continuous), calcium (mg/day, continuous), and red meat intake (g/day, continuous), and study component (OS, CT) and CT randomization assignment and treatment arm. OS, observational study; CT, clinical trial; DFE, dietary folate equivalents; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.