Table 3.
Low Maternal Vitamin D at Enrollment and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.
| Maternal Plasma 25(OH)D Level 1 | Bivariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (<50 nmol/L) | Adequate (≥50 nmol/L) | |||||
| Outcome | n/N (%) | n/N (%) | RR (95% CI) | p 3 | RR (95% CI) | p 3 |
| Preterm birth (<37 weeks) | 4/10 (40.0) | 5/39 (12.8) | 3.12 (1.02, 9.53) | 0.06 | 5.36 (1.13, 25.33) | 0.03 * |
| Stunted (LAZ < −2) | 4/10 (40.0) | 4/43 (9.3) | 4.30 (1.29, 14.32) | 0.03 * | 4.39 (1.04, 18.55) | 0.04 * |
| Wasted (WLZ < −2) | 1/8 (12.5) | 5/42 (11.9) | 1.05 (0.14, 7.83) | 0.96 | 1.12 (0.12, 10.36) | 0.92 |
| BMI z-score (<−2) | 1/10 (10.0) | 2/43 (4.7) | 2.15 (0.22, 21.44) | 0.54 | 1.76 (0.15, 19.97) | 0.65 |
Data are no. of offspring with the outcome/no. of offspring assessed (% of offspring with the outcome). CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio; 1 Maternal vitamin D measured at enrollment; 2 Multivariate model for preterm birth outcome was adjusted for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and gestational age (all at enrollment); all other multivariate models were adjusted for maternal age and BMI at enrollment, and gestational age at delivery; 3 p values are derived from log-binomial regression models; * Significant difference at p ≤ 0.05 level.