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. 2016 Dec 10;8(12):803. doi: 10.3390/nu8120803

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© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Metabolic pathways of the one-carbon metabolism: (A) Overview of the three cycles; (B) Methionine cycle: remethylation of homocysteine to methionine; (C) Transsulfuartion pathway: Irreversible conversion of homocysteine into cysteine; (D) Remethylation of vitamin B12 to its active form; CBS: cystathionine β-synthase; CT: γ-cystathionase; FAD: flavin adenine dinucleotide; MTHF: methylenetetrahydrofolate; MTHFR: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; MS: methionine synthase; MSR: methionine synthase reductase; NADP(H): (Hydroxy) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; SAH: S-adenosylhomocysteine; SAM: S-adenosylmethionine; SHMT: serine hydroxymethyltransferase THF: tetrahydrofolate.