Table 4.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the quality of life per types of household food security.
| Food-Secure Household (n = 5413) | Food-Insecure Household without Hunger (n = 381) | p-Value | Food-Insecure Household with Hunger (n = 68) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decreased Exercise ability * | |||||
| Unadjusted † | 1.00 (ref) | 2.78 (1.86–4.14) | <0.001 | 5.93 (3.15–11.2) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate adjusted 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 2.22 (1.45–3.40) | <0.001 | 3.22 (1.78–5.82) | <0.001 |
| Self-management | |||||
| Unadjusted † | 1.00 (ref) | 1.68 (0.77–3.66) | 0.191 | 8.23 (2.90–23.4) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate adjusted 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.15 (0.49–2.70) | 0.756 | 3.19 (0.94–10.8) | 0.062 |
| Decreased Daily activity | |||||
| Unadjusted † | 1.00 (ref) | 1.90 (1.10–3.28) | 0.021 | 9.05 (4.81–17.1) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate adjusted 2 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.21 (0.67–2.18) | 0.523 | 3.92 (1.87–8.20) | <0.001 |
| Pain/discomfort | |||||
| Unadjusted † | 1.00 (ref) | 1.54 (1.13–2.08) | 0.006 | 2.55 (1.40–4.65) | 0.002 |
| Multivariate adjusted 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.29 (0.95–1.76) | 0.108 | 1.69 (0.87–3.27) | 0.124 |
| Anxiety/depression | |||||
| Unadjusted † | 1.00 (ref) | 1.97 (1.36–2.87) | <0.001 | 4.84 (2.74–8.54) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate adjusted 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.49 (1.00–2.23) | 0.049 | 2.63 (1.52–4.55) | 0.001 |
* Values are presented as odds ratios (95% confidence intervals); † differences were tested using unadjusted complex samples logistic regression analysis; 1 differences were tested using multivariate-adjusted complex sample logistic regression analysis after adjusting for sex, age, income, education, alcohol use, smoking status, physical activity, marital status, and recipients of food assistance; 2 differences were tested using multivariate-adjusted complex sample logistic regression analysis after adjusting for sex, age, income, education, alcohol use, smoking status, marital status, and recipients of food assistance.