Table. Results of virus neutralization testing for Schmallenberg virus among exotic and wild ruminants from 2 zoological parks in France and the Netherlands, 2011–2015*.
| Common name (species) | No. positive/no. tested | Year(s) of sampling | Animal ages at sampling |
Zoological park | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seropositive | Seronegative | ||||
| African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) | 1/1 | 2013 | 3 y | SPBB | |
| Arkal urial sheep (Ovis aries arkal) | 1/1 | 2014 | 5 y | MJP | |
| Axis deer (Cervus axis) | 0/2 | 2011–2014 | ND, ND | SPBB | |
| Bharal (Pseudois nayaur) | 2/4 | 2013, 2014 | 1 d, 7 y,† 8 y† | 10 d, 2 y | MJP |
| Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) | 0/6 | 2014 | 7 mo, 7 y, 15 y, ND, ND, ND | SPBB | |
| Blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus taurinus) | 3/5 | 2011 | 1 y, 6 y, 13 y | 1 y, 13 y | SPBB |
| Common eland (Taurotragus oryx) | 0/1 | 2014 | 1 y | SPBB | |
| Gaur (Bos gaurus) | 1/1 | 2015 | 3 y | MJP | |
| Gemsbok (Oryx gazella gazella) | 1/1 | 2011 | 17 y | SPBB | |
| Markhor (Capra falconeri) | 2/3 | 2014 | 1 y, 10 y | 1 y | MJP |
| Nyala (Tragelaphus angasii) | 1/2 | 2012 | 5 y | ND | SPBB |
| Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus) | 1/1 | 2011 | 15 y | SPBB | |
| Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) | 1/1 | 2013 | 8 y | SPBB | |
| Pygmy goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) | 0/1 | 2014 | 2 y | MJP | |
| Red forest duiker (Cephalophus natalensis) | 0/1 | 2011, 2012 | 7 y,† 8 y† | SPBB | |
| Rocky mountain goat (Oreamnus americanus) | 1/1 | 2014 | 17 y | MJP | |
| Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger niger) | 3/3 | 2011, 2012, 2013 | 4 y, 5 y,† 6 y,† 7 y,† 10 y | SPBB | |
| Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) | 3/5 | 2011, 2014 | 5 y, 14 y, ND | 4 y, 5 y | SPBB |
| Vietnamese sika deer (Cervus nippon pseudaxis) | 1/1 | 2014 | 12 y | SPBB | |
| Vigogna (Vicugna vicugna) | 1/1 | 2013 | 4 y | MJP | |
| Waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus) | 1/4 | 2011, 2014 | 7 y | 6 mo, 4 y, ND | SPBB |
| Watusi (Bos taurus taurus watusi) | 0/1 | 2011 | 1 y | SPBB | |
| West Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica caucasica) | 2/2 | 2014 | 10 y, 14 y | MJP | |
| Yak (Bos grunniens grunniens) | 4/5 | 2012, 2013, 2014 | 2 y, 3 y, 11 y, ND | 1 y | SPBB (4), MJP (1) |
*MJP, Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France); ND, not determined; SPBB, Safaripark Beekse Bergen (Hilvarenbeek, the Netherlands). † Animals sampled more than once.