Table. Results of hemagglutination inhibition assays of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses isolated in Bhutan, 2012*.
| Antigens | Genetic clade | Postinfection ferret antisera |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-A/BHG/QH/IA clade 2.2 | α-A/Hubei/1/2010 clade 2.3.2.1a | α-A/ck/BD/15205 clade 2.3.2.1a | α-A/dk/BD/19097 clade 2.3.2.1a† | α-A/ck/Bhutan/346 clade 2.3.2.1a† | ||
| Reference antigens | ||||||
| A/BHG/QH/IA | 2.2 | 320 | 40 | 40 | 80 | 40 |
| A/Hubei/1/2010 | 2.3.2.1a | 40 | 640 | 160 | 1280 | 80 |
| A/ck/BD/15205 | 2.3.2.1a | 10 | 80 | 80 | 320 | 40 |
| A/dk/BD/19097 | 2.3.2.1a | - | 40 | 80 | 320 | 40 |
| A/ck/Bhutan/346 |
2.3.2.1a |
10 |
40 |
80 |
640 |
80
|
| Test antigens | ||||||
| A/chicken/Bhutan/257/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 20 | 40 | 40 | 640 | 40 |
| A/chicken/Bhutan/260/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 20 | 40 | 80 | 640 | 80 |
| A/wild bird/Bhutan/357/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 20 | 40 | 80 | 640 | 40 |
| A/chicken/Bhutan/1026/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 40 | 40 | 80 | 1280 | 80 |
| A/chicken/Bhutan/1030/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 80 | 160 | 320 | 1280 | 320 |
| A/chicken/Bhutan/317/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 10 | 40 | 80 | 640 | 80 |
| A/wild bird/Bhutan/326/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 10 | 80 | 40 | 320 | 20 |
| A/wild bird/Bhutan/328/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 40 | 20 | 40 | 640 | 80 |
| A/wild bird/Bhutan/356/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 40 | 160 | 160 | 640 | 80 |
| A/chicken/Bhutan/406/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 20 | 40 | 80 | 320 | 80 |
| A/chicken/Bhutan/413/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 20 | 40 | 80 | 640 | 40 |
| A/chicken/Bhutan/505/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 80 | 40 | 80 | 640 | 80 |
| A/chicken/Bhutan/933/2012 | 2.3.2.1a | 40 | 40 | 80 | 640 | 80 |
| GMT (95% CI) | 27.54 (18.36–41.30) | 49.51 (34.61–70.83) | 80 (56.83–112.6) | 640 (502.5–815.1) | 68.17 (46.24–100.5) | |
*Boldface indicates homologous titers. A/BHG/QH/IA, A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/IA/2005; A/ck/BD/15205, A/chicken/Bangladesh/15205/2012; A/ck/Bhutan/346, A/chicken/Bhutan/346/2012; A/dk/BD/19097, A/duck/Bangladesh/19097/2013; GMT, geometric mean titer. †The immune response in ferrets was boosted with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (InvivoGen, San Diego, CA, USA) at day 14 postinfection.