Table 2. Metabolic and electrolyte disturbances in 85 Ebola patients recruited for the Ebola-Tx trial and association with increased risk for death, Conakry, Guinea, 2015*.
| Analyte | Value |
p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Deceased | Survived | ||
| Total† |
85 |
27 |
51 |
|
| K+, mmol/L median (IQR) | 3.7 (3.2–4.2) | 3.9 (3–2-4.7) | 3.7 (3.2–4.0) | 0.21 |
| High | 4 (4.7) | 3 (11.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Normal | 53 (62.3) | 16 (59.3) | 33 (64.7) | |
| Mild decrease | 12 (14.1) | 4 (14.8) | 7 (13.7) | 0.19 |
| Moderate decrease | 14 (16.5) | 4 (14.8) | 9 (17.6) | |
| Severe decrease |
2 (2.3) |
0 (0) |
2 (3.9) |
|
| Na+, mmol/L median (range) | 135 (132–137) | 132 (129–138) | 136 (133–137) | 0.055 |
| Low | 66 (77.6) | 20 (74.1) | 39 (76.5) | |
| Normal | 18 (21.2) | 6 (22.2) | 12 (23.5) | 0.52 |
| High |
1 (1.2) |
1 (3.7) |
0 (0) |
|
| Cl–, mmol/L median (IQR) | 99 (95–103) | 101 (97–105) | 99 (96–102) | 0.41 |
| Low |
34 (40.0) |
10 (37.0) |
18 (35.3) |
1.0 |
| iCa2+, mmol/L median (IQR) | 4.3 (4.0–4.6) | 3.9 (3.5–4.2) | 4.4 (4.2–4.7) | <0.01 |
| Low |
54 (63.5) |
24 (88.9) |
26 (51.0) |
<0.01 |
| TCO2, mmol/L median (IQR | 21 (18–24) | 17 (16–22) | 21 (19–25) | <0.01 |
| Low |
60 (70.6) |
23 (85.2) |
37 (72.5) |
0.27 |
| Anion gap, mmol/L median (IQR) | 19 (17–21) | 19 (18–21) | 18 (17–20) | 0.26 |
| High |
24 (28.4) |
11 (40.7) |
10 (19.6) |
0.061 |
| Creatinine, mmol/L median (IQR), n = 84 | 106 (75–332) | 442 (148–654) | 91 (63–116) | <0.01 |
| Normal | 47 (55.9) | 5 (18.5) | 38 (74.5) | |
| 1–3x ULN | 16 (19.0) | 5 (18.5) | 9 (17.6) | <0.01 |
| >3x ULN |
21 (25.0) |
17 (63.0) |
4 (7.8) |
|
| BUN, mmol/L median (IQR), n = 84 | 16 (9–39) | 50 (17–69) | 11 (7–21) | <0.01 |
| Normal | 53 (63.1) | 9 (33.3) | 38 (76.0) | |
| 1–3x ULN | 26 (30.9) | 13 (48.1) | 12 (24.0) | <0.01 |
| >3x ULN |
5 (6.0) |
5 (18.5) |
0 (0.0) |
|
| BUN/creatinine ratio, median (IQR), n = 83 | 10.3 (7.4–13.9) | 8.8 (6.8–13.9) | 11.2 (7.7–14.0) | 0.30 |
| <10 | 36 (43.4) | 15 (55.6) | 18 (36.0) | |
| 10–20 | 39 (47.0) | 10 (37.0) | 26 (52.0) | 0.27 |
| >20 |
8 (9.6) |
2 (7.4) |
6 (12.0) |
|
| Glucose, mmol/L median (IQR) | 121 (104–148) | 112 (88–146) | 122 (106–147) | 0.24 |
| Low | 5 (5.9) | 4 (14.8) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Normal | 72 (84.7) | 19 (70.4) | 47 (92.2) | 0.022 |
| High |
8 (9.4) |
4 (14.8) |
3 (5.9) |
|
| Hemoglobin, g/dL median (IQR) | 14.6 (11.9–16) | 13.6 (10.5–17) | 14.3 (11.9–15.6) | 0.90 |
| Anemia‡ | 23 (27.1) | 9 (33.3) | 14 (27.4) | 0.61 |
*Values are no. (%) patients except as indicated. BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ct, cycle threshold; iCa2+, ionized (free) calcium; IQR, interquartile range; K+, potassium; Na+, sodium; Cl–, chloride; TCO2, total dissolved carbon dioxide; ULN, upper limit of normal value. †Denominator for deceased and survived patients combined is 78, excluding 7 patients who were transferred to another Ebola treatment unit, where they received favipiravir. ‡Definition of anemia per World Health Organization guideline (age/sex adjusted; hemoglobin levels used).