Figure 2.

Systemic control of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia is controlled systemically (solid black lines) through the release of insulin, which promotes glucose uptake and storage in organs such as the liver and muscles and excretion of excess glucose by the kidneys. Several drugs (yellow boxes) can be used to counteract hyperglycemia, for example, by inhibiting gluconeogenesis or promoting the production of insulin. Stimulatory signals are indicated by green circles containing white “+” symbols, and inhibitory signals are displayed as red circles containing white “–” symbols.