Table 1.
Characteristics of male and female participants
| Characteristics | All | Male | Female | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 23,257 | 12,729 | 10,528 | – |
| Age (years) | 47.1 ± 12.5 | 47.0 ± 13.0 | 47.1 ± 12.0 | 0.692 |
| Height (cm) | 163 ± 9 | 169 ± 6 | 156 ± 6 | <0.001 |
| Body weight (kg) | 61.6 ± 12.2 | 68.4 ± 10.5 | 53.3 ± 8.4 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 3.4 | 23.9 ± 3.2 | 21.7 ± 3.3 | 0.003 |
| CAVI | 7.84 ± 1.07 | 7.96 ± 1.14 | 7.69 ± 0.97 | <0.001 |
| sBP (mmHg) | 124 ± 16 | 124 ± 16 | 123 ± 16 | <0.001 |
| dBP (mmHg) | 76 ± 12 | 76 ± 12 | 75 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| γ-GTP (IU/L) | 43 ± 56 | 43 ± 52 | 44 ± 60 | 0.415 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 91 ± 18 | 91 ± 18 | 91 ± 18 | 0.465 |
| HbA1c (NGSP, %) | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 0.086 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 209 ± 37 | 210 ± 37 | 208 ± 36 | 0.002 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 113 ± 95 | 117 ± 100 | 108 ± 89 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 66 ± 19 | 65 ± 18 | 67 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C | 144 ± 39 | 145 ± 39 | 142 ± 38 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.71 ± 0.15 | 0.80 ± 0.13 | 0.62 ± 0.10 | 0.055 |
Notes: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
*
Student’s t-test was used to compare male and female subjects.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAVI, cardioankle vascular index; sBP, systolic blood pressure; dBP, diastolic blood pressure; γ-GTP, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.