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The choice of root-canal preparation techniques and instruments
| Root canal preparation techniques | Root canal instrument | ||||
| Technique | Frequency | % | Instrument | Frequency | % |
| Filing (push-pull) | 36 | 27.5 | File | 40 | 30.5 |
| Step back | 69 | 52.7 | Reamer | 3 | 0.2 |
| Step down | 26 | 19.8 | Hedström file | 6 | 4.6 |
| File + hedström file | 30 | 22.9 | |||
| File + reamer | 20 | 15.3 | |||
| File, reamer + hedström file | 32 | 24.4 | |||
