Figure 4.
The effect of betaine, Pro, Suc, and trehalose on the rate of ice migration. A, Concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 0.7 m were evaluated for their effect on the rate of ice migration on filter paper strips at −2.5°C. B, The effect of betaine, Pro, Suc, and trehalose (all at 0.7 m) on the rate of ice migration was evaluated at −5°C and −10°C. The rate of ice migration (cm s−1) on paper cellulose strips was monitored by IRVT and conducted as previously described in Figure 3. Each solution was replicated six times.