Figure 3.

(A) Molecular structure of an alkylated peptide with four regions: hydrophobic tail, beta-sheet forming segment, charged groups, and bioactive epitope. Adapted from Cui H, Webber MJ, Stupp SI. Self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles: from molecules to nanostructures to biomaterials. Biopolymers. 2010;94(1):1–18. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.³⁷ (B) Schematic illustration of an alkylated peptide (IKVAV) molecule and the nanofiber formed by IKVAV peptides. (C) TEM image of IKVAV nanofibers. From Silva GA, Czeisler C, Niece KL, et al. Selective differentiation of neural progenitor cells by high-epitope density nanofibers. Science. 2004;303(5662):1352–1355. Reprinted with permission from AAAS.¹¹

Abbreviation: TEM, transmission electron microscopy.