Table 1.

Highlighted medical applications of self-assembled peptide nanostructures

Applications	Peptides	Structures	References
Deliver anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone	C16-V2A2E2	Nanofibers	63
Deliver hydrophobic drug paclitaxel to inhibit cervical cancer	qC8-Tat (Tat peptide with four hydrophobic tails)	Nanofibers	64
Promote fibroblast cell adhesion and growth	(C16)2-Glu-PEO-GRGDSP	Vesicles	81
Develop pH-sensitive cell scaffolds	C16GSH and C16EOSH	Micelles at pH =7 Nanofibers at pH >6.5	77
Promote bone regeneration	C16A4G3LRKKLGKA	Nanofibers	82
Inhibit bone cancer cells	C18GR7RGDS	Micelles	83
Promote human mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation	V3A3E3	Temperature-sensitive nanofibers	84
Improve chondrocyte growth and functions	KLDLKLDLKLDL (KLD12)	Nanofibers	35
Promote bone fracture healing and antimicrobial effect	KLDLKLDLKLDL (KLD12)	Nanofibers	93
Inhibit E. coli and S. aureus growth	VKVRVRVRVDPPTRVRVRVKV	Nanofibers	86
Inhibit E. coli and S. epidermidis	YGAAKKAAKAAKKAAKAA	Nanofibers	91
Simulate the interaction of self-assembling cyclic peptides with cell-membrane models	The cyclic peptide ([RRKWLWLW])	Nanotubes	98
Increase T1 relaxation for MRI tests	DOTA-KK(K)K-LL-CCC-K-C16 and DOTA-KGRGDS(K)K-LLL-AAA-K-C16 coupled with Gd(III)	Nanofibers Micelles	108
Detect metal ions (Cu2+ and Ag+)	HGGGHGHGGGHG (HG12) with linear or branched alkyl chains was labeled by pyrene	Nanofibers	112

Abbreviations: E. coli, Escherichia coli; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus; S. epidermidis, Staphylococcus epidermidis.