Figure 1.
Schematic illustration of in vitro breast cancer imaging: (1) Liquid perfluorocarbon phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs) added directly to culture medium for 1-hour incubation. (2) Folate-decorated PCCAs bind to folate receptors overexpressed on the surface of breast cancer cells. (3) PCCA nanodroplets internalize via folate receptor-mediated endocytosis. (4) Ultrasound pulse triggers phase-shift from liquid nanodroplets to gaseous microbubbles. (5) Intracellularly activated microbubbles imaged via confocal microscopy.