Table 1.
Association of HERV-K expression with clinical parameters in HCC.
| Characteristics | n | HERV-K relative expression (−log) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | t | P | ||
| Tissue∗∗ | −8.224 | <0.001 | ||
| HCC | 84 | 5.94 ± 0.83 | ||
| Adjacent noncancerous liver | 84 | 6.49 ± 0.72 | ||
| Gender | 0.306 | 0.240 | ||
| Male | 78 | 5.95 ± 0.86 | ||
| Female | 6 | 5.84 ± 0.32 | ||
| Age | −0.130 | 0.320 | ||
| <55 | 40 | 5.84 ± 1.00 | ||
| ≧55 | 44 | 6.02 ± 0.67 | ||
| Smoking | 1.280 | 0.204 | ||
| Negative | 43 | 6.05 ± 0.69 | ||
| Positive | 41 | 5.82 ± 0.95 | ||
| Alcoholism | 1.662 | 0.100 | ||
| Negative | 25 | 5.70 ± 1.18 | ||
| Positive | 59 | 6.03 ± 0.63 | ||
| Differentiation∗ | 2.601 | 0.011 | ||
| High/moderate | 59 | 6.05 ± 0.68 | ||
| Low | 15 | 5.43 ± 1.23 | ||
| Missing | 10 | |||
| Size | 1.693 | 0.095 | ||
| <10 cm | 53 | 6.01 ± 0.85 | ||
| ≧10 cm | 23 | 5.66 ± 0.76 | ||
| Missing | 8 | |||
| Tumor nodes | −0.728 | 0.469 | ||
| Single | 66 | 5.91 ± 0.88 | ||
| Multi | 10 | 6.12 ± 0.61 | ||
| Missing | 8 | |||
| TNM stage∗ | 2.144 | 0.035 | ||
| I~II | 34 | 6.12 ± 0.78 | ||
| III~IV | 42 | 5.72 ± 0.84 | ||
| Missing | 8 | |||
| HBV DNA (IU/mL) | 0.861 | 0.394 | ||
| <500 | 17 | 5.90 ± 0.68 | ||
| ≧500 | 34 | 5.68 ± 0.95 | ||
| Missing | 33 | |||
| Cirrhosis∗ | −2.181 | 0.044 | ||
| Negative | 34 | 6.11 ± 0.65 | ||
| Positive | 14 | 5.39 ± 1.17 | ||
| Missing | 36 | |||
| AFP (ng/mL) | −0.137 | 0.891 | ||
| <200 | 41 | 5.93 ± 0.94 | ||
| ≧200 | 35 | 5.95 ± 0.75 | ||
| Missing | 8 | |||
| ALT (u/L) | 0.958 | 0.341 | ||
| <46 | 48 | 6.00 ± 0.76 | ||
| ≧46 | 32 | 5.81 ± 0.96 | ||
| Missing | 4 | |||
| AST (u/L) | 0.642 | 0.523 | ||
| <46 | 45 | 5.97 ± 0.66 | ||
| ≧46 | 35 | 5.86 ± 1.04 | ||
| Missing | 4 | |||
Data are mean ± SD. ∗ P < 0.05 and ∗∗ P < 0.01.
A paired t-test was used with the analysis of the differences between HCC and adjacent noncancerous liver. Independent t-tests were applied to the rest of data.