Table 1.

MicroRNAs' expression and their role in associative learning.

Name of microRNA	The microRNA expressions of CR-formation versus naïve control in the barrel cortex	Predicted target genes	Functions of target genes (+), upregulation (−), downregulation	Effects of microRNA expression changes on CR-formation
mmu-miR-5128	↓	Fgfr2 Neto1	Excitatory synapses (+)	Upregulate excitatory synapses
mmu-miR-342-5p	↓	Elfn1 Fgfr2 Gria1 Grin1 Lrrtm2 Nlgn3	Excitatory synapses (+)	Upregulate excitatory synapses
mmu-miR-342-5p	↓	Nrxn1 Nlgn3	Synapse formation (+)	Upregulate synapse formation
mmu-miR-150-5p	↑	Nlgn2 Csnk1d	Excitatory synapses (−) Neuron outgrowth (−)	Upregulate excitatory synapses Upregulate neuron outgrowth
mmu-miR-3072-3p	↑	Wnk2	Channels (+/−)	Upregulate excitatory synapses
mmu-miR-3072-3p	↑	Slc32a1	Inhibitory synapses (+)	Downregulate inhibitory synapses
mmu-miR-150-5p	↑	Nlgn2	Inhibitory synapses (+)	Downregulate inhibitory synapses
mmu-miR-324-5p	↑	Slc32a1	Inhibitory synapses (+)	Downregulate inhibitory synapses
mmu-miR-23b-3p	↑	Nrxn1	Inhibitory synapses (+)	Downregulate inhibitory synapses
mmu-miR-133a-3p	↑	Iqsec3	Inhibitory synapses (+)	Downregulate inhibitory synapses
mmu-miR-345-5p	↑	Gabra4	Inhibitory synapses (+)	Downregulate inhibitory synapses
mmu-miR-345-5p	↑	Rgma	Synapse formation or neuron branching (−) Spines and dendrites (−)	Upregulate synapse formation or neuron branching Stabilize spines and dendrites
mmu-miR-324-5p	↑	Ttbk1	Spines and dendrites (−)   Axon guidance (−)	Stabilize spines and dendrites   Upregulate axon growth and branching
mmu-miR-3072-3p	↑	Mark2	Axon guidance (−)	Upregulate axon growth and branching
mmu-miR-133a-3p	↑	Dyrk2	Axon guidance (−) Cytoskeleton (−) Neurite outgrowth (−) Neuron proliferation (−)	Upregulate axon growth and branching   Stabilize neuron morphology Upregulate dendrite growth Upregulate neuron proliferation