Table 2.

Inactivated whole cell vaccines showing delivery systems and modalities of vaccination.

Vaccine	Vaccination	Challenge	RPS	Ref.
Whole cell Inactivated vaccine—formalin killed	Intraperitneal	Intraperitneal	49%	[14]
Whole cell Inactivated vaccine—formalin killed	Intraperitneal	Intraperitneal	50%	[15]
Whole cell Inactivated vaccine—formalin killed	Intraperitneal	Intraperitneal	80%	[16]
Whole cell Inactivated vaccine—formalin killed	Bath	Intraperitneal	34%	[16,17]
Whole cell Inactivated vaccine—formalin killed	Oral	Intraperitneal	97%	[16,17]
Whole cell inactivated vaccines—heat killed	Oral	intracoelomic	38.9%	[18]
Whole cell Inactivated vaccine—formalin killed	Spray	Immersion	80%	[19]
Whole cell inactivated vaccines—heat killed	Spray	Injection	70%	[19]
Extracellular product (ECP)—formalin treated	Intraperitneal	Intraperitneal	29%	[14]