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. 2016 Nov 26;8(12):321. doi: 10.3390/v8120321

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© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Evolutionary rate and selection pressure of influenza A, B, and C viruses. (A) Evolutionary rate (nucleotide substitution per site per year); (B) selection pressure (relative rate of non-synonymous and synonymous mutation); and (C) relative evolutionary rate of each position in the codon compared with the influenza A/H3N2 virus. In all three panels, results were calculated using data of the HA gene for influenza A and B viruses and the HE gene for the influenza C virus. Error bars show 95% highest posterior density intervals.