Table 1.

Phototrophic species with available genome sequences or ongoing genome sequencing projects and additional information (where exist) about their environment, bioactive compounds, and properties/extracts. Data presented are available in the NCBI genome database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the AlgaeBase website (http://www.algaebase.org/) [111].

Species	Group	Environment	Bioactive Compounds	Properties	Genetic Tools	Ref. 1
Bigelowiella natans	Cercozoa	marine			Genome; transcriptome under diurnal cycle; Viral elements known	[112,113,114]
Chlorella sp.	Chlorophyta	freshwater	Lipids, human growth hormone	Human nutrition, biofuels, medicines	Genes for active enzymes cloned; in silico models	[115,116,117,118,119]
Coccomyxa subellipsoidea	Chlorophyta	freshwater	Flounder growth hormone	Flounder fry exposed to Chlorella-expressed fGH for 30 days exhibited a 25% increase in both total length and width	Trans gene expression	[115,120]
Ostreococcus lucimarinus	Chlorophyta	marine	asymmetric carotenoids	Antioxidant molecules, human nutrition	Trans gene expression	[121,122]
Micromonas pusilla	Chlorophyta	marine			Trans gene expression, cDNA libraries	[123]
Volvox carteri f. nagariensis	Chlorophyta	freshwater			Trans gene expression, cDNA libraries	[124]
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	Chlorophyta	freshwater		Human nutrition, biofuels	Trans gene expression, cDNA libraries	[125,126]
Emiliania huxleyi	Haptophyta	marine	Calcium carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide	Human nutrition, weather influence	cDNA libraries	[127,128]
Guillardia theta	Cryptophyta	marine			Functional genes cloned for trans-expression in E. coli	[129]
Nannochloropsis gaditana	Chrysophyta	marine	lipids	Human nutrition, biofuels	Trans gene expression	[130,131]
Ectocarpus siliculosus	Phaeophyta	marine			Trans gene expression	[132]
Saccharina japonica	Phaeophyta	marine	porphyrin derivatives (pheophorbide a, pheophytin a)	anti-inflammatory activity	SNP linkage map	[2,133]
Thalassiosira oceanica	Phaeophyta	marine			cDNA libraries, RNAi, cloning of functional genes	[134]
Thalassiosira pseudonana	Phaeophyta	marine	lipids	Human nutrition		[125]
Phaeodactylum tricornutum	Phaeophyta	marine	lipids	Human nutrition, biofuels	cDNA libraries, Trans gene expression, in silico models	[125,135,136]
Cyanidioschyzon merolae	Rhodophyta	freshwater	lipids	Human nutrition, biofuels	Trans gene expression	[137,138]
Pyropia yezoensis	Rhodophyta	marine	carotenoids, vitamin B12, PGP glycoprotein, Usujilene—kind of mycosporine-glycine like amino acid	food applications (nori in suschi), anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidative activity	Functional genes cloned	[2,139,140,141,142]
Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis	Rhodophyta	marine	fatty acid (12S-hydroxyeicopentaenoic acid-12S-HEPE)	Human nutrition	Protoplast fusion	[143]
Chondrus crispus	Rhodophyta	marine	carrageenan	Food applications	Established qPCR references	[96]
Synechococcus elongatus	Cyanophyta	freshwater	exopolymers	Carbon cycling, materials applications	Trans gene expression, Tn5 mutagenesis, fusion PCR, CRISPR	[144]
Anabaena variabilis	Cyanophyta	freshwater	β-Carotene hydroxylase		Trans gene expression	[145,146,147]
Anabaena cylindric	Cyanophyta	freshwater	scytophycin	antifungal activity		[148,149]

¹ References either for bioactive compounds or genetic tools from listed species in that row only.