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. 2016 Nov 18;4(4):41. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms4040041

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Control of biofilm formation by c-di-Guanidinemonophosphate (c-di-GMP). Concentration of c-di-GMP is regulated by DGC (Diguanylate cyclase; GGDEF domain: diguanylate cyclase), PDE 1 (Phosphodiesterase; EAL domain: diguanylate phosphodiesterase, linearizes c-di-GMP to 5′-pGpG), PDE (nonspecific cellular PDEs, further degrading 5′-pGpG to GMP), and PDE 2 (Phosphodiesterase; HD-GYP domain, metal dependent, unrelated to the EAL domain, linearizes c-di-GMP to 5′-pGpG, degrades 5′-pGpG further to GMP). pGpG—5′ phosphoguanylyl(3′,5′)guanosine; GMP—Guanosine-5-phosphate (from Krauss, G.-J., Nies, D. (Eds.): Ecological Biochemistry-Environmental and Interspecies Interactions today, VCH Weinheim, 2014, with permission).