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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Hosp Infect. 2016 Aug 24;94(3):236–241. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.07.023

Table I.

Factors associated with HCAI caused by vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in three New York City hospitals, 2006–2014 (univariate analysis)

Factor Resistant to vancomycin P-valuea

Yes No
Total 4094 (40.2%) 6092 (59.8%)
 Mean (range) age (years) 64.7 (0–107) 65.7 (0–104) 0.003a
Sex <0.0001a
 Male 1714 (41.9%) 2845 (46.7%)
 Female 2380 (58.1%) 3247 (53.3%)
Hospital <0.001a
 Community 286 (7%) 996 (16.4%)
 Tertiary 1 1814 (44.3%) 1238 (20.3%)
 Tertiary 2 1994 (48.7%) 3858 (63.3%)
ICU prior to infection <0.0001a
 Yes 2029 (49.6%) 1868 (30.7%)
 No 2065 (50.4%) 4224 (69.3%)
Mean (range) CCI 3.37 (0–19) 2.75 (0–16) <0.0001a
Mean (range) days of stay prior to infection 15.83 (0–889) 5.46 (0–348) <0.0001a
High risk medicationb prior to infection <0.0001a
 Yes 4043 (98.8%) 5420 (89%)
 No 51 (1.2%) 672 (11%)
Prior stay in nursing facility 0.93
 Yes 262 (6.4%) 387 (6.4%)
 No 3832 (93.6%) 5705 (96.6%)
Prior in-network hospitalization <0.0001a
 Yes 2697 (65.9%) 3735 (61.3%)
 No 1397 (34.1%) 2357 (38.7%)
Antibiotic use prior to infection <0.0001a
 Yes 4048 (98.9%) 4328 (71%)
 No 46 (1.1%) 1794 (29%)
Site of infection <0.0001a
 Bloodstream 928 (22.7%) 1078 (17.7%)
 Urinary tract 2926 (71.5%) 4356 (71.5%)
 SSI 240 (5.9%) 658 (10.8%)
Season of infection onset 0.009a
 Winter 1084 (26.5%) 1523 (25%)
 Spring 1186 (29%) 1647 (27%)
 Summer 944 (23%) 1497 (24.6%)
 Autumn 880 (21.5%) 1425 (23.4%)
Diabetes 0.30
 Yes 1220 (29.8%) 1874 (30.8%)
 No 2868 (70.2%) 4208 (69.2%)
Renal failure <0.0001
 Yes 2185 (53.5%) 2286 (37.6%)
 No 1903 (46.5%) 3796 (62.4%)
Malignancy <0.0001
 Yes 1302 (31.9%) 1171 (19.3%)
 No 2786 (68.2%) 4911 (80.8%)
Year of infection onset 0.009
 2006 545 (13.3%) 848 (13.9%)
 2007 615 (15%) 817 (13.4%)
 2008 448 (10.9%) 761 (12.5%)
 2009 485 (11.9%) 823 (13.5%)
 2010 500 (12.2%) 666 (10.9%)
 2011 423 (10.3%) 618 (10.1%)
 2012 362 (8.8%) 537 (8.8%)
 2013 383 (9.4%) 525 (8.6%)
 2014 333 (8.1%) 497 (8.2%)

HCAI, healthcare-associated infection; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; SSI, surgical site infection.

Numbers in strata may not equal total due to missing values.

a

Continuous variables assessed using simple logistic regression (Wald χ2). Categorical variables assessed using Pearson χ2.

b

High-risk medications include chemotherapeutic agents, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatory drugs.