Table 1.
Overview of study and patient characteristics
| Study First Author and Year | Study Design | PWI Technique | # Patients (# GBM if mixed) | Mean Age and/ or Range | Specific Treatment Effect* | Time Since Radiation (range if provided) | Reference Standard (# path) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexiou 201413 | P | DSC | 30 (27) | 61 | UR | 12 mo (3–24 mo) | Both (2) |
| Baek 201214 | R | DSC | 79 | 50.6 (19–83) | PSP | Within 4 wk of end of CCRT | Both (5) |
| Barajas 200915 | R | DSC | 66+ | 54.2 | RN | 1.7–50.2 mo | Both (55) |
| Bisdas 201116 | P | DCE | 18+ | UR | RN | 1.8–7 mo | Both (5) |
| Cha 201417 | R | DSC | 35 | 49 (24–70) | PSP | Within 180 days of CCRT | Both (3) |
| Choi 201318 | R | DSC | 62 | 49.3 (22–79) | PSP | Within 4 wk end of CCRT | Both (5) |
| Chung 201319 | R | DCE | 57 | 52.1 (25–69) | RN | 39.6 wk | Path |
| Gasparetto 200920 | R | DSC | 12 | 33–71 | UR | UR | Path |
| Hamilton 201521 | R | DCE | 24 (15) | 51 | RN | 2.6 ± 2.2 y | Path |
| Heo 201522 | R | DCE | 48 | 53.9 (27–73) | UR | 14 wk | Both (9) |
| Hu 200923 | P | DSC | 11+ (9) | 46.9 (31–62) | UR | 3–28.5 mo | Path |
| Hu 201024 | P | DSC | 11+ (9) | 46.9 (31–62) | UR | 3–28.5 mo | Path |
| Hu 201225 | P | DSC | 9+ | 50 (25–73) | Both | 64% <6 mo (1–5.5) 36% >6 mo (8–53) | Path |
| Kim 201026 | R | DSC | 39 | 48.2 (18–78) | UR | UR | Path |
| Kim 201427 | R | DSC, DCE | 169 | 52.2 (25–69) | UR | 46.5 wk | Both (87) |
| Kim 201428 | R | DSC | 51 | 51.5 (25–72) | UR | 43.2 wk | Path |
| Kong 201129 | P | DSC | 59 | 25–74 | PSP | During CCRT or within 1–2 cycles of adjuvant chemo | Both (4) |
| Mangla 201030 | R | DSC | 19 | 65 (41–90) | PSP | 1 mo after CCRT | Radiological |
| Martinez 201231 | R | DSC | 34 | 54.6 | PSP | UR | Both |
| Narang 201132 | R | DCE | 22 (17) | 51.8 (18–70) | UR | UR for HGG | Both |
| Park 201533 | R | DSC, DCE | 54 | 45.5 | PSP | Within 12 wk of end of CCRT | Both (11) |
| Prager 201534 | R | DSC | 68 (55) | 54.9 (22.6–79.4) | Both with PSP subgroup | 6.1 mo (0.4–40.4) | Path |
| Seeger 201335 | R | DSC, DCE | 40 | 53.6 | UR | UR | |
| Song 201336 | R | DSC | 20 | 50.8 (24–68) | PSP | Within 2 mo end of CCRT | CR |
| Suh 201337 | R | DCE | 79 | 51.2 (25–69) | PSP | Within 5 wk of end of CCRT | Both (24) |
| Thomas 201538 | R | DCE | 37 | 37–87 | PSP | UR | CR |
| Young 201339 | R | DSC | 20 | 9–84 | PSP | 0.5–6.3 mo | Both (9) |
| Yun 201540 | P | DCE | 33 | 54.6 (28–82) | PSP | UR | Radiological |
GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; R = retrospective, P = prospective, * treatment effect was as described by author, + indicates study where some patients had more than one PWI study or biopsy contribute to analysis, UR = unreported, PSP = pseudoprogression, RN = radiation necrosis, CCRT = concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy, HGG = high-grade glioma, path = pathology, CR = clinical and radiological.