Table 4.

Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with 1-year poor outcomes

Characteristics	Good outcomes (n = 77)	Poor outcomes (n = 28)	P-value
Male patients, n (%)	41 (53.2)	16 (57.1)	0.72
Age at CJI testing, years	42.8 ± 17.2	43.2 ± 16.1	0.91
Patients with CJI, n (%)	14 (18.2)	7 (25.0)	0.44
Duration of UC	6.2 (1.8–10.8)	2.6 (1.3–13.9)	0.45
Inpatient status at CJI testing	18 (23.4)	18 (64.3)	<0.001
UC extensive colitis, n (%)	43 (59.7)	20 (76.9)	0.15
Extra-intestinal manifestations, n (%)	11 (15.3)	3 (12.5)	1.00
Chronic NSAID use, n (%)	20 (27.4)	4 (14.3)	0.17
Tobacco use, n (%)	38 (50.0)	9 (32.1)	0.11
Family history of IBD, n (%)	11 (14.5)	2 (7.1)	0.51
Past history of chronic liver disease, n (%)	6 (7.8)	1 (3.6)	0.67
Past history of PSC	1 (1.3)	1 (3.6)	0.46
Past history of C. diff infection, n (%)	2 (2.6)	1 (3.6)	1.00
Past history of CMV colitis, n (%)	1 (1.3)	0 (0.0)	1.00
Past history of CJI colitis, n (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (3.6)	0.27
Recent hospitalization in last 3 months, n (%)	10 (13.0)	5 (17.9)	0.54
Recent antibiotic use, n (%)	8 (10.4)	3 (10.7)	1.00
Recent overseas travel, n (%)	2 (2.6)	1 (3.6)	1.00
Severity of UC on recent endoscopy, n (%)			0.009
Normal	2 (2.9)	0 (0.0)
Mild	18 (26.5)	0 (0.0)
Moderate	28 (41.2)	9 (42.9)
Severe	20 (29.4)	12 (57.1)
Baseline 5-ASA use, n (%)	52 (67.5)	17 (63.0)	0.67
Baseline corticosteroid use, n (%)	22 (28.6)	14 (51.9)	0.036
Baseline immunomodulator use, n (%)	14 (18.2)	2 (7.4)	0.23
Baseline biologics use, n (%)	4 (5.2)	4 (14.8)	0.20

Continuous values presented as mean ± standard deviation or medians (interquartile ranges). Bold values signifies statistical significance when P-value is < 0.05.

ASA = aminosalicylic acid; C. diff = Clostridium difficile; CJI = Campylobacter jejuni infection; CMV = cytomegalovirus; IBD = inflammatory bowel disease; NSAID = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PSC = primary sclerosing cholangitis; UC = ulcerative colitis.